Steinhardt M A, Dishman R K
Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.
J Occup Med. 1989 Jun;31(6):536-46. doi: 10.1097/00043764-198906000-00011.
We conducted two studies to examine the reliability and validity of self-report scales for assessing outcome-expectancy values and perceived barriers for participating in regular physical activity. In study one with college students (N = 243), independent and reliable psychometric factors were identified as outcome-expectancy values (psychologic, body image, and health) and perceived barriers (time, effort, and obstacles). alpha internal consistency coefficients ranged from .47 to .78, and test-retest stability correlations were .66 to .89. In prospective analyses, subscales significantly predicted supervised running (R2 = .27) and free-living physical activity estimated by seven-day recall at two-, five-, and nine-week intervals (R2 ranged from .13 to .24). In study two with employees at CONOCO World Headquarters (N = 968), similar independent scales were derived for outcome-expectancy values (psychologic, body image/health, competition, fun, and social) and perceived barriers (time, effort, obstacles, and limiting health). alpha internal consistencies ranged from .66 to .85. In cross-sectional analyses the scales combined with sociodemographic factors were significantly correlated with membership (R2 = .18) and participation (R2 = .17) in the on-site health and fitness program. In each instance outcome-expectancy values and perceived barriers explained variance in physical activity not accounted for by sociodemographics (R2 values increased .12). Membership in health and fitness programs outside the work site was also predicted (R2 = .07) by the scales. The scales provide a reliable and valid measurement technology that can be implemented with college or work site populations. Existing social psychology theories of behavior that include outcome-expectancy values or perceived barriers can now be examined as explanations for the adoption and maintenance of a physical activity program.
我们进行了两项研究，以检验用于评估参与定期体育活动的结果预期值和感知障碍的自我报告量表的信度和效度。在第一项针对大学生的研究中（N = 243），独立且可靠的心理测量因素被确定为结果预期值（心理、身体形象和健康）和感知障碍（时间、努力和障碍）。α内部一致性系数范围为0.47至0.78，重测稳定性相关性为0.66至0.89。在前瞻性分析中，分量表显著预测了监督跑步（R2 = 0.27）以及通过两周、五周和九周间隔的七天回忆法估计的自由生活体育活动（R2范围为0.13至0.24）。在第二项针对CONOCO世界总部员工的研究中（N = 968），得出了类似的独立量表，用于结果预期值（心理、身体形象/健康、竞争、乐趣和社交）和感知障碍（时间、努力、障碍和健康限制）。α内部一致性范围为0.66至0.85。在横断面分析中，与社会人口统计学因素相结合的量表与现场健康和健身计划的会员资格（R2 = 0.18）和参与度（R2 = 0.17）显著相关。在每种情况下，结果预期值和感知障碍解释了社会人口统计学未解释的体育活动差异（R2值增加了0.12）。量表还预测了工作场所外健康和健身计划的会员资格（R2 = 0.07）。这些量表提供了一种可靠且有效的测量技术，可应用于大学生或工作场所人群。现在可以检验现有的包含结果预期值或感知障碍的社会心理学行为理论，作为体育活动计划采用和维持的解释。
