Zhang Wenhui, Dai Jing, Pei Yulong, Li Penghui, Yan Ying, Chen Xinqiang
Traffic School, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Nov 19;13(11):1159. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13111159.
Drivers gather traffic information primarily by means of their vision. Especially during complicated maneuvers, such as overtaking, they need to perceive a variety of characteristics including the lateral and longitudinal distances with other vehicles, the speed of others vehicles, lane occupancy, and so on, to avoid crashes. The primary object of this study is to examine the appropriate visual search patterns during overtaking maneuvers on freeways. We designed a series of driving simulating experiments in which the type and speed of the leading vehicle were considered as two influential factors. One hundred and forty participants took part in the study. The participants overtook the leading vehicles just like they would usually do so, and their eye movements were collected by use of the Eye Tracker. The results show that participants' gaze durations and saccade durations followed normal distribution patterns and that saccade angles followed a log-normal distribution pattern. It was observed that the type of leading vehicle significantly impacted the drivers' gaze duration and gaze frequency. As the speed of a leading vehicle increased, subjects' saccade durations became longer and saccade angles became larger. In addition, the initial and destination lanes were found to be key areas with the highest visual allocating proportion, accounting for more than 65% of total visual allocation. Subjects tended to more frequently shift their viewpoints between the initial lane and destination lane in order to search for crucial traffic information. However, they seldom directly shifted their viewpoints between the two wing mirrors.
驾驶员主要通过视觉获取交通信息。特别是在诸如超车等复杂操作过程中，他们需要感知各种特征，包括与其他车辆的横向和纵向距离、其他车辆的速度、车道占用情况等，以避免碰撞。本研究的主要目的是研究在高速公路上超车操作时合适的视觉搜索模式。我们设计了一系列驾驶模拟实验，其中前车的类型和速度被视为两个影响因素。140名参与者参与了该研究。参与者像往常一样超越前车，并用眼动仪收集他们的眼动数据。结果表明，参与者的注视持续时间和扫视持续时间呈正态分布模式，扫视角度呈对数正态分布模式。观察发现，前车类型对驾驶员的注视持续时间和注视频率有显著影响。随着前车速度的增加，受试者的扫视持续时间变长，扫视角度变大。此外，发现起始车道和目标车道是视觉分配比例最高的关键区域，占总视觉分配的65%以上。受试者倾向于更频繁地在起始车道和目标车道之间转移视点，以便搜索关键交通信息。然而，他们很少直接在两个后视镜之间转移视点。
