TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham RG40 3GA, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Jun;79:221-30. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.032. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
This study examined directly the impact of various factors associated with driving on 'A-class' roads in the United Kingdom (specifically length of platoon, proportion of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), speed and opportunities for overtaking) on self-reported frustration and overtaking intentions. The impact of situational variables (being under time pressure, and time behind a slower moving platoon) were also examined, as was the association between frustration and self-reported overtaking intentions. 183 members of the public from the areas around Perth and Inverness, Scotland took part in the study. Participants viewed simulated 'driver's viewpoint' clips representing all the combinations of the experimental variables (except time pressure, which was a between-groups variable, and time behind platoon, which was examined separately in four specific clips). After each clip, participants responded on a paper questionnaire as to the level of frustration they would feel for a given clip, and the likelihood that at some point during the clip they would have attempted an overtake manoeuvre. The findings show that the links between traffic variables such as speed and platoon length, and behaviourally-relevant variables such as frustration and overtaking intentions, are not simple. Although there are broad and predictable effects of speed and platoon length (lower speeds and longer platoons leading to greater frustration) these are mediated by other variables, and it is not always the case that more frustration leads to more intention to overtake. Analysis of driver attitudes identified three clusters (low, medium and high risk drivers) and suggests that higher risk drivers' levels of frustration are more affected by situational changes than those of lower risk drivers.
本研究直接考察了与在英国 A 级道路上驾驶相关的各种因素（具体包括车队长度、重型货车比例、速度和超车机会）对自我报告的挫折感和超车意图的影响。还研究了情境变量（时间压力和跟在行驶较慢的车队后面的时间）的影响，以及挫折感与自我报告的超车意图之间的关联。来自苏格兰珀斯和因弗内斯地区的 183 名公众参与了这项研究。参与者观看了模拟的“驾驶员视角”片段，这些片段代表了实验变量的所有组合（时间压力除外，它是一个组间变量，而跟在车队后面的时间则在四个特定的片段中分别进行了检查）。在每个片段之后，参与者在纸质问卷上回答他们对给定片段会感到多大程度的挫折感，以及在片段中的某个时刻他们是否会试图进行超车操作的可能性。研究结果表明，速度和车队长度等交通变量与挫折感和超车意图等行为相关变量之间的联系并不简单。虽然速度和车队长度有广泛且可预测的影响（速度越低，车队长度越长，挫折感越大），但这些影响受到其他变量的影响，而且并不总是挫折感越大，超车意图就越大。对驾驶员态度的分析确定了三个集群（低、中、高风险驾驶员），并表明高风险驾驶员的挫折感水平比低风险驾驶员更容易受到情境变化的影响。
