Edmonds Hallie
Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Arizona.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2016 Dec;299(12):1789-1800. doi: 10.1002/ar.23478.
The influence that various types of ingested foods have on the form (size and shape) of specific features of the masticatory system is an area in which many questions remain unanswered. The bony zygomatic arch, the focus of this study, is directly linked to the masticatory system because it serves as the anchor for the masseter muscle, a primary muscle of chewing and source of masticatory force. However, the influence of diet and the forces associated with different diet types on the arch's internal bone architecture is not well understood. Despite the breadth of work centered around the craniofacial complex and biomechanics of mastication, there is a need for further investigations into the functional relationships between specific bony features that experience high strains, (e.g., the zygomatic arch), and the masticatory forces generated by different diets (e.g., mechanically resistant versus non- mechanically resistant) across non-human primates. A hypothesis and series of predictions assessing diet in relation to variability in cortical area distributions and values of section moduli (measures of bone strength) throughout the zygomatic arch were tested in a sample of haplorhine primates. Cortical area and measures of section moduli appear to track with the known masticatory strain distribution along the zygomatic arch. Pairwise comparisons between closely related taxa of different diets reveal significant differences in anterior cortical area and section moduli values. These results imply that differences in masticatory loading due to diet manifest in the zygomatic arch's internal bone structure. Anat Rec, 299:1789-1800, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
各类摄入食物对咀嚼系统特定特征的形态（大小和形状）所产生的影响，是一个仍存在诸多未解之谜的领域。本研究的重点——骨性颧弓，与咀嚼系统直接相关，因为它是咬肌的附着点，而咬肌是主要的咀嚼肌和咀嚼力的来源。然而，饮食以及不同饮食类型所产生的力对颧弓内部骨结构的影响尚未得到充分理解。尽管围绕颅面复合体和咀嚼生物力学开展了大量研究，但仍有必要进一步探究承受高应变的特定骨性特征（如颧弓）与不同饮食（如机械抗性与非机械抗性饮食）在非人灵长类动物中产生的咀嚼力之间的功能关系。在一组灵长目简鼻亚目动物样本中，对一个关于饮食与整个颧弓皮质面积分布变异性以及截面模量值（骨强度的度量）之间关系的假设和一系列预测进行了检验。皮质面积和截面模量测量值似乎与沿颧弓已知的咀嚼应变分布情况相符。不同饮食的近缘分类群之间的成对比较显示，前皮质面积和截面模量值存在显著差异。这些结果表明，饮食导致的咀嚼负荷差异体现在颧弓的内部骨结构中。《解剖学记录》，299:1789 - 1800，2016年。© 2016威利期刊公司。
