Samba Reddy Doodipala
Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas.
J Neurosci Res. 2017 Jan 2;95(1-2):661-670. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23853.
Epilepsy is one of the leading causes of chronic neurological morbidity worldwide. Acquired epilepsy may result from a number of conditions, such as brain injury, anoxia, tumors, stroke, neurotoxicity, and prolonged seizures. Sex differences have been observed in many seizure types; however, some sex-specific seizure disorders are much more prevalent in women. Despite some inconsistencies, substantial data indicates that sensitivity to seizure stimuli differs between the sexes. Men generally exhibit greater seizure susceptibility than women, whereas many women with epilepsy experience a cyclical occurrence of seizures that tends to center around the menstrual period, which has been termed catamenial epilepsy. Some epilepsy syndromes show gender differences with female predominance or male predominance. Steroid hormones, endogenous neurosteroids, and sexually dimorphic neural networks appear to play a key role in sex differences in seizure susceptibility. Neurosteroids, such as allopregnanolone, reflect sex differences in their anticonvulsant activity. This Review provides a brief overview of the evidence for sex differences in epilepsy and how sex differences influence the use of neurosteroids in epilepsy and epileptogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
癫痫是全球慢性神经疾病发病的主要原因之一。后天性癫痫可能由多种情况引起，如脑损伤、缺氧、肿瘤、中风、神经毒性和长时间癫痫发作等。在许多癫痫发作类型中都观察到了性别差异；然而，一些特定性别的癫痫障碍在女性中更为普遍。尽管存在一些不一致之处，但大量数据表明，两性对癫痫刺激的敏感性存在差异。男性通常比女性表现出更高的癫痫易感性，而许多患有癫痫的女性会经历以月经周期为中心的癫痫发作周期性发作，这被称为经期癫痫。一些癫痫综合征表现出性别差异，女性或男性占主导。类固醇激素、内源性神经甾体和两性异形神经网络似乎在癫痫易感性的性别差异中起关键作用。神经甾体，如别孕烯醇酮，在其抗惊厥活性方面反映了性别差异。本综述简要概述了癫痫中性别差异的证据，以及性别差异如何影响神经甾体在癫痫和癫痫发生中的应用。© 2016威利期刊公司
