Sundström Poromaa Inger, Comasco Erika, Georgakis Marios K, Skalkidou Alkistis
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Neurosci Res. 2017 Jan 2;95(1-2):719-730. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23859.
Women have a lifetime risk of major depression double that of men but only during their reproductive years. This sex difference has been attributed partially to activational effects of female sex steroids and also to the burdens of pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting. Men, in contrast, have a reproductive period difficult to delineate, and research on the mental health of men has rarely considered the effects of fatherhood. However, the couple goes through a number of potentially stressing events during the reproductive period, and both mothers and fathers are at risk of developing peripartum depression. This Review discusses the literature on maternal and paternal depression and the endocrine changes that may predispose a person to depression at this stage of life, with specific focus on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, oxytocin, and testosterone levels in men. Important findings on sex differences in the neural correlates of maternal and paternal behavior have emerged, highlighting the relevance of the emotional brain in mothers and the sociocognitive brain in fathers and pointing toward the presence of a common parents' brain. Additionally, sex differences in neurogenesis and brain plasticity are described in relation to peripartum depression. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
女性一生中患重度抑郁症的风险是男性的两倍，但仅在其生育期内。这种性别差异部分归因于女性性激素的激活作用，也归因于怀孕、分娩和育儿的负担。相比之下，男性的生育期难以界定，而且关于男性心理健康的研究很少考虑为人父的影响。然而，夫妻双方在生育期会经历一些潜在的压力事件，母亲和父亲都有患产后抑郁症的风险。本综述讨论了关于母亲和父亲抑郁症以及可能使人在生命这个阶段易患抑郁症的内分泌变化的文献，特别关注男性的下丘脑 - 垂体轴、催产素和睾酮水平。关于母亲和父亲行为的神经关联中的性别差异已经出现了重要发现，突出了母亲情感脑和父亲社会认知脑的相关性，并指出存在一个共同的父母脑。此外，还描述了与产后抑郁症相关的神经发生和脑可塑性方面的性别差异。© 2016作者。《神经科学研究杂志》由威利期刊公司出版
