Oh Yujung, Hass Norah C, Lim Seung-Lark
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Nov 21;11(11):e0166753. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166753. eCollection 2016.
Accurately interpreting other's emotions through facial expressions has important adaptive values for social interactions. However, due to the stereotypical social perception of overweight individuals as carefree, humorous, and light-hearted, the body weight of those with whom we interact may have a systematic influence on our emotion judgment even though it has no relevance to the expressed emotion itself. In this experimental study, we examined the role of body weight in faces on the affective perception of facial expressions. We hypothesized that the weight perceived in a face would bias the assessment of an emotional expression, with overweight faces generally more likely to be perceived as having more positive and less negative expressions than healthy weight faces. Using two-alternative forced-choice perceptual decision tasks, participants were asked to sort the emotional expressions of overweight and healthy weight facial stimuli that had been gradually morphed across six emotional intensity levels into one of two categories-"neutral vs. happy" (Experiment 1) and "neutral vs. sad" (Experiment 2). As predicted, our results demonstrated that overweight faces were more likely to be categorized as happy (i.e., lower happy decision threshold) and less likely to be categorized as sad (i.e., higher sad decision threshold) compared to healthy weight faces that had the same levels of emotional intensity. The neutral-sad decision threshold shift was negatively correlated with participant's own fear of becoming fat, that is, those without a fear of becoming fat more strongly perceived overweight faces as sad relative to those with a higher fear. These findings demonstrate that the weight of the face systematically influences how its emotional expression is interpreted, suggesting that being overweight may make emotional expressions appear more happy and less sad than they really are.
通过面部表情准确解读他人情绪对社交互动具有重要的适应性价值。然而,由于社会对超重个体存在刻板认知,认为他们无忧无虑、幽默且轻松,所以即便体重与所表达的情绪本身并无关联,我们与之互动的人的体重仍可能对我们的情绪判断产生系统性影响。在这项实验研究中,我们考察了面部体重在面部表情情感感知中的作用。我们假设,面部所感知到的体重会使对情绪表达的评估产生偏差,相较于正常体重的面部,超重面部通常更易被视为具有更积极的表情且消极表情更少。通过二选一的强制选择感知决策任务,要求参与者将超重和正常体重面部刺激的情绪表达进行分类,这些面部刺激已在六个情绪强度水平上逐渐变形,分为“中性与快乐”(实验1)和“中性与悲伤”(实验2)两类。正如预期的那样,我们的结果表明,与具有相同情绪强度水平的正常体重面部相比,超重面部更易被归类为快乐(即快乐决策阈值更低),且更不易被归类为悲伤(即悲伤决策阈值更高)。中性 - 悲伤决策阈值的变化与参与者自身对变胖的恐惧呈负相关,也就是说,与恐惧变胖程度较高的参与者相比,那些不恐惧变胖的参与者更强烈地将超重面部视为悲伤的。这些发现表明,面部体重会系统性地影响其情绪表达的解读方式,这意味着超重可能会使情绪表达看起来比实际情况更快乐且更不悲伤。