Hybrid assistive system--the motor neuroprosthesis.

Two approaches are currently applied for motor rehabilitation of paralyzed humans: functional electrical stimulation (FES) and mechanical bracing. Both assistive systems have limited application due to several factors (indication, psycho, socio, and economic status, state-of-the-art of technology, etc.). The combination of FES and an externally powered and controlled brace is called a hybrid assistive system (HAS). The HAS presented in this paper is a combination of multichannel surface FES and self-fitting modular orthosis (SFMO). Energy expenditure and a reduction of force load on the upper extremities are criteria for the efficacy of HAS. The control system of HAS is nonnumerical and based on artificial reflexes (AR).