Schuhl J F, Alves da Silva I, Toletti M, Telaine A, Prudente I, Holgado D
Dermatological Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital, University of Montevideo, Uruguay.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1989 Jan-Feb;17(1):15-9.
A study of the prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren in Montevideo was undertaken with the use of an appropriate questionnaire. Data consisted of cumulative prevalence, point-prevalence, variations referred to sexes, the age of onset of symptoms and their variation of frequency, the duration of symptoms, personal and family history of atopy and the limitation attributed to asthma in schooling, sporting and physical activities. In the study entered 4,296 children, with a mean age of 12.3 years. Cumulative prevalence was 12.4% for the group with no difference between boys and girls. A tendency for a significant difference in cumulative prevalence was noted comparing industrial and suburban zones. Point-prevalence was 7.5% with no difference between sexes. The mean age of onset of asthma was 3.7 years for boys and 3.5 years for girls. Mean duration of symptoms was 7.6 years for boys and 7.4 years for the girls. Fourteen percent had a personal history and 11% a family history of eczema. Fifty-six percent had a personal history, while 55% a family history of rhinitis and 58% had a family history of asthma. These figures differ significantly from the non-asthmatic population sampled. Limitation in physical and sporting activities attributed to asthma was found in 35% of the boys and 41% of the girls.
采用一份合适的调查问卷，对蒙得维的亚市学童的哮喘患病率进行了一项研究。数据包括累积患病率、现患率、按性别划分的差异、症状发作年龄及其频率变化、症状持续时间、个人和家族过敏史，以及哮喘对上学、体育和身体活动造成的限制。该研究纳入了4296名儿童，平均年龄为12.3岁。该组的累积患病率为12.4%，男孩和女孩之间无差异。比较工业区和郊区时，发现累积患病率有显著差异的趋势。现患率为7.5%，男女之间无差异。男孩哮喘发作的平均年龄为3.7岁，女孩为3.5岁。男孩症状的平均持续时间为7.6年，女孩为7.4年。14%的儿童有个人湿疹病史，11%有家族湿疹病史。56%的儿童有个人鼻炎病史，55%有家族鼻炎病史，58%有家族哮喘病史。这些数字与所抽取的非哮喘人群有显著差异。35%的男孩和41%的女孩存在因哮喘导致的身体和体育活动受限情况。
