Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Departmento de Estomatología III, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Clin Oral Investig. 2017 Sep;21(7):2221-2233. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-2015-9. Epub 2016 Nov 22.
The objectives of the present study is to determine the differences in peri-implant soft tissue color with the utilization of titanium, titanium gold-plated, white zirconia, Vita Classical (VC) A4-shaded zirconia, and fluorescent white zirconia abutments and to establish the influence of gingival thickness on the resulting color.
Four implants were contralaterally inserted in 19 fresh pig mandibles, and the color of the peri-implant mucosa with the different abutments was spectrophotometrically measured at 1-, 2-, and 3-mm height from the margin.
At 1-mm height, titanium significantly differed from all zirconia abutments in lightness (L*), chroma along red axis (a*), and chroma along yellow-blue axis (b*) parameters. At 2 mm, all zirconia abutments differed from titanium in b* but only fluorescent zirconia in a*. At 3 mm, titanium differed from VC A4-shaded and fluorescent zirconia abutments in b*. At soft tissue thicknesses <1 and 1-2 mm, titanium differed from fluorescent zirconia in a* and b* and from VC A4-shaded zirconia in b*; at thickness >2 mm, no differences were found among abutments. All abutments differed from natural teeth in a* and b* at all heights and thicknesses except for fluorescent zirconia at thickness >2 mm. The Euclidean distance (ΔΕ) differed between titanium abutments and gold, VC A4, and fluorescent zirconia at <1- and 1-2-mm thicknesses.
The natural gingival color was not reproduced with any abutment at gingival thicknesses <2 mm. The worst color match was with titanium abutments and the best with fluorescent zirconia, followed by VC A4-shaded zirconia. At gingival thicknesses >2 mm, no differences were detected among abutments.
This study demonstrates that the type of abutment and the gingival thickness affect the resulting peri-implant gingival color.
本研究旨在确定使用钛、钛镀金、白色氧化锆、Vita Classical（VC）A4 遮色氧化锆和荧光白色氧化锆基台时，种植体周围软组织颜色的差异，并确定牙龈厚度对颜色结果的影响。
将四个种植体分别在 19 个新鲜猪下颌骨的对侧植入，并用分光光度计在距边缘 1、2 和 3 毫米处测量不同基台的种植体周围黏膜颜色。
在 1 毫米高度时，钛在亮度（L*）、沿红色轴的色度（a*）和沿黄-蓝轴的色度（b*）参数上与所有氧化锆基台均有显著差异。在 2 毫米时，所有氧化锆基台与钛在 b上有差异，但只有荧光氧化锆在 a上有差异。在 3 毫米时，钛与 VC A4 遮色和荧光氧化锆基台在 b上有差异。在软组织厚度<1 毫米和 1-2 毫米时，钛在 a*和 b*上与荧光氧化锆有差异，在 b*上与 VC A4 遮色氧化锆有差异；在厚度>2 毫米时，基台之间没有差异。除了厚度>2 毫米时的荧光氧化锆外，所有基台在所有高度和厚度上都与天然牙齿在 a和 b*上有差异。在<1-和 1-2 毫米厚度时，钛基台与金、VC A4 和荧光氧化锆之间的欧几里得距离（ΔΕ）有差异。
在牙龈厚度<2 毫米时，没有任何基台能再现天然牙龈颜色。颜色匹配最差的是钛基台，最好的是荧光氧化锆，其次是 VC A4 遮色氧化锆。在牙龈厚度>2 毫米时，基台之间没有差异。
本研究表明，基台类型和牙龈厚度会影响种植体周围牙龈的颜色结果。
