University of Maryland, College Park.
Child Dev. 2017 Nov;88(6):1922-1929. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12681. Epub 2016 Nov 24.
This study examined social influences on 3-year-old children's decisions to help an experimenter gain another person's attention (N = 32). Children were slower to help the experimenter when the target had previously expressed disinterest in attending to her. Shy children were less likely to support the experimenter's attempts to communicate with the target; however, this association was not influenced by children's knowledge of the target's disinterest, and there was no relation between shyness and children's support for a separate physical goal. Therefore, young children's decisions to act helpfully incorporate consideration for others beyond a focal person with an unmet need, and they are further constrained by children's own comfort with the actions required to help.
本研究考察了社会影响对 3 岁儿童决定帮助实验者引起他人注意的影响（N=32）。当目标先前表示对关注她不感兴趣时，儿童帮助实验者的速度会变慢。害羞的儿童不太可能支持实验者试图与目标交流；然而，这种关联不受儿童对目标不感兴趣的了解的影响，并且害羞与儿童对独立物理目标的支持之间没有关系。因此，幼儿决定主动提供帮助，不仅考虑到有未满足需求的焦点人物，还考虑到其他人，并且他们的行动舒适度也进一步限制了他们的帮助行为。
