Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Dec;97(6):1061-73. doi: 10.1037/a0016576.
Two studies were conducted to further differentiate 3 forms of shyness previously identified in Chinese children--shyness toward strangers, anxious shyness, and regulated shyness--by examining the relation of the 3 forms of shyness to children's inhibited behavior, physiological reactivity (measured by heart period [HP]), and effortful control. In Study 1 (N = 237; M age = 9.17 years), the authors examined the 3 forms of shyness in relation to children's inhibited behavior and HP assessed in 3 conditions: at baseline, during a stranger encounter, and in a card-sorting task with social evaluative cues. Results of confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a 3-factor model of shyness. Shyness toward strangers was associated with children's inhibition (positively) and HP (negatively) in the stranger encounter and children's HP (negatively) in the card-sorting session, whereas anxious shyness was related to children's inhibition (positively) and HP (negatively) in the card-sorting session. Regulated shyness was not associated with children's inhibition in any session but was negatively related to HP in the stranger encounter session. In Study 2 (N = 208; M age = 6.57 years), the authors examined children's shyness toward strangers and effortful control at age 6 years in relation to anxious and regulated shyness 2 years later. Results showed shyness toward strangers was related to regulated shyness among children with high or moderate effortful control, and shyness toward strangers was related to anxious shyness among children with low or moderate effortful control. Findings support a multidimensional view of shyness in Chinese children.
两项研究旨在通过考察三种形式的害羞（中国儿童先前确定的害羞形式——对陌生人的害羞、焦虑害羞和调节害羞）与儿童抑制行为、生理反应（以心率[HP]衡量）和努力控制之间的关系，进一步区分这三种形式的害羞。在研究 1（N=237；M 年龄=9.17 岁）中，作者在 3 种条件下（基线时、陌生人相遇时和带有社会评价线索的卡片分类任务中）考察了三种形式的害羞与儿童抑制行为和 HP 的关系。验证性因素分析的结果支持害羞的三因素模型。对陌生人的害羞与陌生人相遇时儿童的抑制（正相关）和 HP（负相关）以及卡片分类会议期间儿童的 HP（负相关）有关，而焦虑害羞与卡片分类会议期间儿童的抑制（正相关）和 HP（负相关）有关。调节性害羞与任何会议中的儿童抑制无关，但与陌生人会议中的 HP 呈负相关。在研究 2（N=208；M 年龄=6.57 岁）中，作者考察了 6 岁时儿童对陌生人的害羞和努力控制与 2 年后的焦虑和调节害羞之间的关系。结果表明，对陌生人的害羞与高或中等努力控制的儿童的调节性害羞有关，对陌生人的害羞与低或中等努力控制的儿童的焦虑性害羞有关。研究结果支持中国儿童害羞的多维观点。
