Baldwin Austin K, Corsi Steven R, Lutz Michelle A, Ingersoll Christopher G, Dorman Rebecca, Magruder Christopher, Magruder Matthew
US Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA.
US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 Jun;36(6):1622-1635. doi: 10.1002/etc.3694. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in streams can be a significant stressor to aquatic organisms. To understand the likely sources and toxicity of PAHs in Milwaukee-area streams, streambed sediment samples from 40 sites and parking lot dust samples from 6 sites were analyzed for 38 parent PAHs and 25 alkylated PAHs. Diagnostic ratios, profile correlations, principal components analysis, source-receptor modeling, and mass fractions analysis were used to identify potential PAH sources to streambed sediment samples, and land-use analysis was used to relate streambed sediment PAH concentrations to different urban-related land uses. On the basis of this multiple lines-of-evidence approach, coal-tar pavement sealant was indicated as the primary source of PAHs in a majority of streambed sediment samples, contributing an estimated 77% of total PAHs to samples, on average. Comparison with the probable effect concentrations and (or) the equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark indicates that 78% of stream sediment samples are likely to cause adverse effects to benthic organisms. Laboratory toxicity tests on a 16-sample subset of the streambed sites using the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28-d) and the midge Chironomus dilutus (10-d) measured significant reductions in 1 or more biological endpoints, including survival, in 75% of samples, with H. azteca more responsive than C. dilutus. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1622-1635. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
溪流中高浓度的多环芳烃（PAHs）可能会对水生生物造成重大压力。为了解密尔沃基地区溪流中PAHs的可能来源和毒性，对40个地点的河床沉积物样本和6个地点的停车场灰尘样本进行了分析，检测其中38种母体PAHs和25种烷基化PAHs。通过诊断比率、谱相关分析、主成分分析、源-受体模型和质量分数分析来确定河床沉积物样本中PAHs的潜在来源，并利用土地利用分析将河床沉积物中PAHs的浓度与不同的城市相关土地利用联系起来。基于这种多证据线方法，煤焦油路面密封剂被指出是大多数河床沉积物样本中PAHs的主要来源，平均而言，其对样本中总PAHs的贡献率估计为77%。与可能效应浓度和（或）平衡分配沉积物基准进行比较表明，78%的溪流沉积物样本可能会对底栖生物造成不利影响。使用阿氏摇蚊（28天）和稀释摇蚊（10天）对河床站点的16个样本子集进行实验室毒性测试，结果显示，在75%的样本中，1个或更多生物终点（包括存活率）出现显著下降，其中阿氏摇蚊比稀释摇蚊更敏感。《环境毒理学与化学》2017年；36:1622 - 1635。© 2016作者。《环境毒理学与化学》由威利期刊公司代表SETAC出版。
