Murphy Molly K, Burke Pamela J, Haider Sadia
Community Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Northeastern University, Bouve College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Nursing, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 Aug;30(4):484-490. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.11.005. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are the most effective forms of reversible contraception but adolescents often opt for other, less effective methods. In this study we explored how adolescents viewed LARC as an innovation to be adopted or rejected, and how their assessment of innovation attributes affected their decisions about LARC. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexually active adolescents between 15 and 22 years old (n = 22) participated in semistructured qualitative interviews. The data underwent a content analysis informed by constructs of the diffusion of innovations and emergent interview themes. RESULTS: Data analysis indicated 3 subgroups of participants on the basis of their inclination to use LARC and the mutability of that position: positive/persuaded (n = 7), negative/low knowledge (n = 10), and negative/adamant (n = 5). Participants' perceptions of the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability of LARC cohered around subgroup membership. Perceived complexity entailed in obtaining LARC and fears about LARC were observed across all participants. All participants believed that one has to try LARC to know how it will work for her, personally. This led the positive/persuaded group to be undeterred by others' negative experiences with LARC and the negative/low knowledge and negative/adamant groups to decide LARC was too risky to try. CONCLUSION: Adolescents engage in nuanced evaluations of LARC, weighing competing information about LARC while receiving anecdotal and empirical information about LARC from various valid sources. To reduce the uncertainty about LARC that prohibits trying these methods, adolescents require straightforward information about LARC that directly addresses the advantages of LARC over other methods coupled with candid acknowledgement of the potential disadvantages of LARC.
研究目的:长效可逆避孕方法是可逆避孕最有效的形式,但青少年往往选择其他效果较差的方法。在本研究中,我们探讨了青少年如何看待长效可逆避孕方法这一创新技术,以及他们对创新属性的评估如何影响其对长效可逆避孕方法的决策。设计、地点、参与者、干预措施及主要观察指标:15至22岁有性行为的青少年(n = 22)参与了半结构化定性访谈。数据采用基于创新扩散理论和访谈新出现主题的内容分析法进行分析。 结果:数据分析显示,根据参与者使用长效可逆避孕方法的倾向及其立场的可变性,可分为3个亚组:积极/被说服组(n = 7)、消极/知识匮乏组(n = 10)和消极/坚决拒绝组(n = 5)。参与者对长效可逆避孕方法的相对优势、兼容性、复杂性、可试验性和可观察性的认知与亚组成员情况一致。在所有参与者中均观察到获取长效可逆避孕方法所涉及的感知复杂性以及对长效可逆避孕方法的恐惧。所有参与者都认为,必须亲自尝试长效可逆避孕方法才能知道它对自己的效果如何。这使得积极/被说服组不会因他人使用长效可逆避孕方法的负面经历而退缩,而消极/知识匮乏组和消极/坚决拒绝组则认为尝试长效可逆避孕方法风险太大。 结论:青少年对长效可逆避孕方法进行了细致入微的评估,在从各种有效来源获得关于长效可逆避孕方法的轶事和实证信息时,权衡相互矛盾的信息。为减少阻碍尝试这些方法的关于长效可逆避孕方法的不确定性,青少年需要直接明了的关于长效可逆避孕方法的信息,该信息要直接阐述长效可逆避孕方法相对于其他方法的优势,同时坦率承认长效可逆避孕方法的潜在劣势。
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