Bernal-Gamboa Rodolfo, Gámez A Matías, Nieto Javier
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
Universidad de Cádiz, Spain.
Behav Processes. 2017 Feb;135:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.11.010. Epub 2016 Nov 23.
It has been argued that the response recovery effects share a common mechanism. A possible way to test it is evaluating whether the techniques that impaired renewal would impair the other recovery effects as well. Two experiments with rats used a free operant procedure to explore whether an extinction-cue could prevent the spontaneous recovery and reinstatement of an extinguished lever-pressing. Both experiments consisted of four phases: Acquisition, Extinction and Test 1 and Test 2. First, all rats were trained to perform one instrumental response (R1) for food in context A, and a different instrumental response (R2) for food in context B. Then, responses were extinguished within the same context: R1 in context A and R2 in context B. Throughout this phase all rats received brief presentations of a tone (extinction-cue). In both experiments animals were tested twice. The first test was conducted immediately after the last extinction session. In this test, rats received the extinction-cue for both responses. During the second test, rats experienced the tone only for R1. In Experiment 1 rats were tested after 5days, while for Experiment 2 test 2 took place after a single session of re-exposure to the food. Both experiments showed a recovery effect (spontaneous recovery in Experiment 1 and reinstatement in Experiment 2) for both responses. However, a cue featured in extinction attenuated recovery of R1 in both experiments when presented on the test. The findings suggest that spontaneous recovery, reinstatement and renewal might share a common mechanism. In addition, the present data shows that using an extinction-cue could help to reduces relapsing of voluntary behaviors.
有人认为反应恢复效应具有共同的机制。一种可能的测试方法是评估那些损害恢复的技术是否也会损害其他恢复效应。两项以大鼠为对象的实验采用自由操作程序,以探究消退线索是否能阻止已消退的杠杆按压行为的自发恢复和重新出现。两项实验均包括四个阶段:习得、消退以及测试1和测试2。首先,所有大鼠在情境A中被训练为获取食物执行一种工具性反应(R1),在情境B中为获取食物执行另一种不同的工具性反应(R2)。然后,在相同情境中对反应进行消退:在情境A中消退R1,在情境B中消退R2。在这个阶段,所有大鼠都接受短暂的音调呈现(消退线索)。在两项实验中,动物都接受了两次测试。第一次测试在最后一次消退环节后立即进行。在这次测试中,大鼠对两种反应都接受消退线索。在第二次测试中,大鼠仅对R1经历音调。在实验1中,大鼠在5天后接受测试,而在实验2中,测试2在重新接触食物一次后进行。两项实验均显示两种反应都有恢复效应(实验1中的自发恢复和实验2中的重新出现)。然而,在测试时呈现的、在消退中出现的线索在两项实验中都减弱了R1的恢复。这些发现表明自发恢复、重新出现和恢复可能具有共同的机制。此外,目前的数据表明,使用消退线索可能有助于减少自愿行为的复发。