Trask Sydney
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53206, USA.
Learn Behav. 2019 Mar;47(1):66-79. doi: 10.3758/s13420-018-0339-9.
In resurgence, a target behavior (R1) is acquired in an initial phase and extinguished in a second phase while an R2 behavior is reinforced. When R2 is extinguished, R1 behavior can return or resurge. Two experiments tested the effectiveness of a potential retrieval cue associated with extinction in attenuating resurgence. Experiment 1 established that a 2-s cue paired with outcome delivery in Phase 2 can attenuate resurgence when presented during testing. This effect depended on the cue being associated with the outcome, and it occurred if the cue was delivered contingently or noncontingently on responding during testing. Pairing the cue with reinforcement might be necessary to maintain attention to it during Phase 2. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the cue must be experienced in sessions that also include R1 extinction and that it does not reduce resurgence through a conditioned reinforcement mechanism. The results suggest that previously neutral stimuli can attenuate resurgence if they are first paired with alternative reinforcement and presented in sessions in which R1 is extinguished. They build on existing literature that suggests enhancing generalization between extinction and testing reduces resurgence. The results may have implications for reducing relapse following interventions in humans such as contingency management (CM), in which participants can earn vouchers contingent upon drug abstinence. A cue associated with CM might help reduce this relapse.
在行为恢复现象中，目标行为（R1）在初始阶段习得，在第二阶段消退，同时R2行为得到强化。当R2行为消退时，R1行为可能会恢复。两项实验测试了一种与消退相关的潜在提取线索在减弱行为恢复方面的有效性。实验1表明，在第二阶段与结果呈现配对的2秒线索在测试期间呈现时可以减弱行为恢复。这种效应取决于该线索与结果相关联，并且如果该线索在测试期间根据反应偶然或非偶然地呈现，这种效应就会出现。将该线索与强化配对可能是在第二阶段保持对其注意力所必需的。实验2表明，该线索必须在同时包含R1行为消退的实验环节中出现，并且它不是通过条件强化机制来减少行为恢复的。结果表明，如果先前的中性刺激首先与替代强化配对，并在R1行为消退的实验环节中呈现，那么它们可以减弱行为恢复。这些结果基于现有文献，即增强消退与测试之间的泛化可以减少行为恢复。这些结果可能对减少人类干预（如应急管理（CM））后的复发有启示，在应急管理中，参与者可以根据药物戒断情况获得代金券。与应急管理相关的线索可能有助于减少这种复发。
