Alizadeh M, Zindl C, Allen M J, Knapik G G, Fitzpatrick N, Marras W S
Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 520 Baker Systems, 1971 Neil Avenue., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Surgical Discovery Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
Res Vet Sci. 2016 Dec;109:94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.009. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for cervical spine injuries in canines, a comprehensive normal MRI anatomy of the canine cervical spine muscles is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to build a magnetic resonance imaging atlas of the normal cross sectional anatomy of the muscles of the canine cervical spine. MRI scans were performed on a canine cadaver using a combination of T1 and T2-weighted images in the transverse, sagittal and dorsal planes acquired at a slice thickness of 1mm. Muscle contours were traced manually in each slice, using local osseous structures as reference points for muscle identification. Twenty-two muscles were traced in 401 slices in the cervical region. A three dimensional surface model of all the contoured muscles was created to illustrate the complex geometrical arrangement of canine neck muscles. The cross-sectional area of the muscles was measured at the mid-level of each vertebra. The accuracy of the location of the mapped muscles was verified by comparing the sagittal view of the 3D model of muscles with still photographs obtained from anatomic canine cadaver dissection. We believe that this information will provide a unique and valuable resource for veterinary researchers, clinicians and surgeons who wish to evaluate MRI images of the cervical spine. It will also serve as the foundation for ongoing work to develop a computational model of the canine cervical spine in which anatomical information is combined with electromyographic, kinematic and kinetic data.
尽管磁共振成像（MRI）已越来越多地用作犬颈椎损伤的诊断工具，但目前缺乏犬颈椎肌肉完整的正常MRI解剖学资料。因此，本研究的目的是构建犬颈椎肌肉正常横断面解剖结构的磁共振成像图谱。使用T1加权和T2加权图像相结合的方法，对一只犬尸体进行MRI扫描，扫描平面包括横断面、矢状面和背面，切片厚度为1mm。在每个切片中手动描绘肌肉轮廓，以局部骨性结构作为识别肌肉的参考点。在颈椎区域的401个切片中描绘了22块肌肉。创建了所有描绘肌肉的三维表面模型，以展示犬颈部肌肉复杂的几何排列。在每个椎体的中部测量肌肉的横截面积。通过将肌肉三维模型的矢状面视图与犬尸体解剖获得的静态照片进行比较，验证了所绘制肌肉位置的准确性。我们相信，这些信息将为希望评估颈椎MRI图像的兽医研究人员、临床医生和外科医生提供独特而有价值的资源。它还将作为正在进行的工作的基础，以开发一个犬颈椎计算模型，其中将解剖学信息与肌电图、运动学和动力学数据相结合。
