Hartmann Katinka, Düver Pia, Kaiser Stephan, Fischer Carolin, Forterre Franck
Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Fachtierarztpraxis Am Erzberg, Braunschweig, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Nov 4;7:577394. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.577394. eCollection 2020.
To assess and objectively quantify, with CT-scan exams, differences in cervical paraspinal musculature and vertebrae angulation that might influence the different predisposed sites for intervertebral disk disease observed in chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds. Retrospective evaluation and analysis of cervical spine CT-scans performed on 30 dogs presented for clinical reasons unrelated to a cervical disk problem. 15 chondrodystrophic (Dachshunds) and 15 non-chondrodystrophic dogs (Labrador Retrievers) were included. Height measurements of dorsal and ventral paraspinal musculature were performed on sagittal CT-scan reconstructions to generate dorsal-to-ventral height ratios. Additionally, disk angulation to the floor of the vertebral canal was determined for each cervical disk. On transverse plane images the areas of the dorsal and the ventral paraspinal musculature were measured and ratios calculated. Furthermore, estimations of moments exerted on the disk were evaluated through calculation of a dorsal-to-ventral ratio of moments applied at the level of each disk. Dachshunds showed a relatively more prominent dorsal paraspinal musculature than Labrador Retrievers with statistically significant higher dorsal-to-ventral height ratios at C3/C4, C4/C5, C7/T1 ( = 0.034, = 0,004, = 0.004) and a dorsal-to-ventral area ratio at C3/C4 ( < 0.001). Regarding the disk angle to the spinal canal floor along the cervical spine, Labrador Retrievers had a less steep conformation compared to Dachshunds with a significant difference at C2/C3 ( < 0.001). Relation of moments calculations revealed statistically significant differences at C2/C3 ( = 0.021). Significant differences have been found in the cervical spine of chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dogs, regarding paraspinal musculature height and area ratios along with ratio of moments and vertebrae angulation. These differences may affect the anatomical and biomechanical dorsal-to-ventral paraspinal muscle relationship and potentially influence the load on intervertebral disks, especially in the upper cervical spine. Our findings could play a role in understanding the development of intervertebral disk disease.
通过CT扫描检查评估并客观量化颈椎旁肌肉组织和椎体角度的差异，这些差异可能会影响软骨发育不良和非软骨发育不良品种中观察到的椎间盘疾病的不同易发病部位。对30只因与颈椎间盘问题无关的临床原因而进行颈椎CT扫描的犬只进行回顾性评估和分析。其中包括15只软骨发育不良犬（腊肠犬）和15只非软骨发育不良犬（拉布拉多猎犬）。在矢状面CT扫描重建图像上对颈椎旁肌肉组织的背侧和腹侧高度进行测量，以生成背腹高度比。此外，确定每个颈椎间盘与椎管底部的椎间盘角度。在横断面图像上测量颈椎旁肌肉组织的背侧和腹侧面积，并计算比值。此外，通过计算每个椎间盘水平施加的背腹力矩比来评估作用于椎间盘的力矩估计值。腊肠犬的颈椎旁背侧肌肉组织相对比拉布拉多猎犬更突出，在C3/C4、C4/C5、C7/T1处背腹高度比具有统计学显著差异（分别为P = 0.034、P = 0.004、P = 0.004），在C3/C4处背腹面积比也有差异（P < 0.001）。关于沿颈椎的椎间盘与椎管底部的角度，与腊肠犬相比，拉布拉多猎犬的形态不那么陡峭，在C2/C3处有显著差异（P < 0.001）。力矩计算结果显示在C2/C3处有统计学显著差异（P = 0.021）。在软骨发育不良和非软骨发育不良犬的颈椎中，在颈椎旁肌肉组织高度和面积比以及力矩比和椎体角度方面发现了显著差异。这些差异可能会影响颈椎旁肌肉组织背腹侧的解剖学和生物力学关系，并可能影响椎间盘上的负荷，尤其是在上颈椎。我们的研究结果可能有助于理解椎间盘疾病的发展。
