Marsh Herbert W, Craven Rhonda G, Parker Philip D, Parada Roberto H, Guo Jiesi, Dicke Theresa, Abduljabbar Adel Salah
Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University.
School of Education, Western Sydney University.
Dev Psychol. 2016 Dec;52(12):1994-2009. doi: 10.1037/dev0000241.
The temporal ordering of depression, aggression, and victimization has important implications for theory, policy, and practice. For a representative sample of high school students (Grades 7-10; N = 3,793) who completed the same psychometrically strong, multiitem scales 6 times over a 2-year period, there were reciprocal effects between relational-aggression and relational-victimization factors: aggression led to subsequent victimization and victimization led to subsequent aggression. After controlling for prior depression, aggression, and victimization, depression had a positive effect on subsequent victimization, but victimization had no effect on subsequent depression. Aggression neither affected nor was affected by depression. The results suggest that depression is a selection factor that leads to victimization, but that victimization has little or no effect on subsequent depression beyond what can be explained by the preexisting depression. In support of developmental equilibrium, the results were consistent across the 6 waves. (PsycINFO Database Record
抑郁、攻击行为和受欺负经历的时间顺序对理论、政策和实践具有重要意义。对于一个具有代表性的高中生样本（7至10年级；N = 3793），他们在两年时间内6次完成了同样在心理测量方面具有较强效度的多项目量表。关系攻击与关系受害因素之间存在相互影响：攻击行为会导致随后的受害经历，而受害经历也会导致随后的攻击行为。在控制了既往的抑郁、攻击行为和受害经历之后，抑郁对随后的受害经历有正向影响，但受害经历对随后的抑郁没有影响。攻击行为既不影响抑郁，也不受抑郁影响。研究结果表明，抑郁是导致受害经历的一个选择因素，但受害经历对随后抑郁的影响很小或几乎没有影响，超出了已有抑郁所能解释的范围。为了支持发展平衡理论，研究结果在6次测量中保持一致。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
