Omóbòwálé Temidayo Olutayo, Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo, Adejumobi Olumuyiwa Abiola, Orherhe Eguonor Vivian, Amid Adetayo Sadudeen, Adedapo Adeolu Alex, Nottidge Helen Olubukola, Yakubu Momoh Audu
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Departments of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016 Oct-Dec;7(4):209-217. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Nov 25.
Azadirachta indica is widely distributed in Africa, Asia and other tropical parts of the world. A. indica (AI) is traditionally used for the treatment of several conditions including cancer, hypertension, heart diseases and skin disorders. Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion is a common pathway for many diseases and may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death.
In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of AI on intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury-induced cardiorenal dysfunction.
Sixty rats were divided into 6 groups; each containing 10. Corn oil was orally administered to group A (control) rats for 7 days without intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Group B underwent intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) without any pre-treatment. Groups C, D, E and F were pre-treated orally for 7 days with 100 mg/kg AI (100 and (200 mg/kg) vitamin C (100 and 200 mg/kg) respectively and thereafter underwent IIRI on the 8th day.
The cardiac and renal hydrogen peroxide increased significantly whereas serum xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in IIRI only when compared to the control. The cardiac and renal reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, protein thiol, non-protein thiol and serum nitric oxide (NO) decreased (p < 0.05) significantly following IIRI. Immunohistochemical evaluation of cardiac and renal tissues showed reduced expressions of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in rats with IIRI only. However, pre-treatment with A. indica and vitamin C significantly reduced markers of oxidative stress and inflammation together with improvement in antioxidant status. Also, reduced serum NO level was normalised in rats pre-treated with A. indica and vitamin C with concomitant higher expressions of cardiac and renal ERK1/2.
Together, A. indica and vitamin C prevented IRI-induced cardiorenal dysfunction via reduction in oxidative stress, improvement in antioxidant defence system and increase in the ERK1/2 expressions. Therefore, A. indica can be a useful chemopreventive agent in the prevention and treatment of conditions associated with intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
印楝在非洲、亚洲及世界其他热带地区广泛分布。印楝传统上用于治疗多种病症，包括癌症、高血压、心脏病和皮肤病。肠缺血再灌注是许多疾病的常见发病途径，可导致多器官功能障碍综合征和死亡。
在本研究中，我们调查了印楝对肠缺血再灌注损伤诱导的心脏和肾脏功能障碍的改善作用。
将60只大鼠分为6组，每组10只。对A组（对照组）大鼠口服玉米油7天，不进行肠缺血再灌注损伤。B组大鼠接受肠缺血再灌注损伤（IIRI），未进行任何预处理。C组、D组、E组和F组大鼠分别口服100mg/kg印楝、100mg/kg和200mg/kg维生素C预处理7天，然后在第8天接受IIRI。
仅与对照组相比，IIRI组心脏和肾脏中的过氧化氢显著增加，而血清黄嘌呤氧化酶和髓过氧化物酶水平显著升高（p<0.05）。IIRI后，心脏和肾脏中的还原型谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、蛋白质硫醇、非蛋白质硫醇和血清一氧化氮（NO）显著降低（p<0.05）。对心脏和肾脏组织的免疫组织化学评估显示，仅IIRI大鼠的细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK1/2）表达降低。然而，用印楝和维生素C预处理可显著降低氧化应激和炎症标志物，同时改善抗氧化状态。此外，用印楝和维生素C预处理的大鼠血清NO水平降低得到恢复正常，同时心脏和肾脏ERK1/2表达更高。
总之，印楝和维生素C通过降低氧化应激、改善抗氧化防御系统和增加ERK1/2表达，预防了IRI诱导的心脏和肾脏功能障碍。因此，印楝在预防和治疗与肠缺血再灌注损伤相关的病症方面可能是一种有用的化学预防剂。
