Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Département STAPS, ZA Bastillac Sud, 65000 Tarbes, France.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Jan;72:129-152. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.015. Epub 2016 Nov 26.
This review addresses the possible structural and functional adaptations of the postural function to motor experience. Evidence suggests that postural performance and strategy evolve after training in inactive subjects. In trained subjects, postural adaptations could also occur, since elite athletes exhibit better postural performance than, and different postural strategy to sub-elite athletes. The postural adaptations induced are specific to the context in which the physical activity is practiced. They appear to be so specific that there would be no or only a very slight effect of transfer to non-experienced motor tasks (apart from in subjects presenting low initial levels of postural performance, such as aged subjects). Yet adaptations could occur as part of the interlimb relationship, particularly when the two legs do not display the same motor experience. Mechanistic explanations as well as conceptual models are proposed to explain how postural adaptations operate according to the nature of physical activities and the context in which they are practiced as well as the level of motor expertise of individuals.
本综述探讨了姿势功能可能发生的结构和功能适应性变化，以适应运动经验。有证据表明，在不活动的受试者中进行训练后，姿势表现和策略会发生变化。在训练有素的受试者中，也可能会发生姿势适应，因为精英运动员的姿势表现优于次精英运动员，且姿势策略也不同。所诱导的姿势适应是特定于进行身体活动的环境的。它们似乎非常特定，以至于除了在初始姿势表现水平较低的受试者（例如老年人）之外，对非经验性运动任务几乎没有或只有非常轻微的转移效果。然而，适应可能会作为肢体间关系的一部分发生，特别是当两条腿没有显示出相同的运动经验时。提出了机械解释和概念模型，以解释姿势适应是如何根据身体活动的性质以及进行身体活动的环境以及个体的运动专业水平而发生的。
