Gallego Eduardo, Cantone Marie Claire, Oughton Deborah H, Perko Tanja, Prezelj Iztok, Tomkiv Yevgeniya
Energy Engineering Department, E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006-Madrid, Spain.
Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Apr 1;173(1-3):163-169. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncw334.
This paper presents the results of a large study of 1340 articles published by two major newspapers in six European countries (Belgium, Italy, Norway, Slovenia, Spain and Russia) in the first 2 months after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. The focus of the analysis is on the application and overall impact of protective actions, both during the emergency phase and later, how the newspapers describe those actions, which differences were apparent between countries and what recommendations can be extracted in order to improve general communication about these issues. A clear lesson is that, even under uncertainty and recognising limitations, responsible authorities need to provide transparent, clear and understandable information to the public and the mass media right from the beginning of the early phase of any nuclear emergency. Clear, concise messages should be given. Mass media could play a key role in reassuring the public if the countermeasures are clearly explained.
本文呈现了一项大型研究的结果，该研究针对欧洲六个国家（比利时、意大利、挪威、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙和俄罗斯）的两家主要报纸在福岛第一核电站核灾难发生后的头两个月发表的1340篇文章。分析重点在于保护行动在应急阶段及后续的应用和总体影响、报纸如何描述这些行动、各国之间明显存在的差异，以及为改善关于这些问题的一般沟通可提取哪些建议。一个明确的教训是，即使在不确定性和认识到局限性的情况下，责任当局也需要在任何核应急早期阶段一开始就向公众和大众媒体提供透明、清晰且易懂的信息。应给出清晰、简洁的信息。如果能清楚解释应对措施，大众媒体在安抚公众方面可发挥关键作用。
