从个人、伴侣及关系因素预测年轻人在日常生活中滥用处方药的风险。
Predicting young adults' risk for engaging in prescription drug misuse in daily life from individual, partner, and relationship factors.
作者信息
Papp Lauren M, Kouros Chrystyna D
机构信息
a Department of Human Development and Family Studies , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA.
b Department of Psychology , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas , USA.
出版信息
Subst Abus. 2017 Jan-Mar;38(1):61-68. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1263590. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
BACKGROUND
Mounting evidence based on retrospective and global assessments has established associations between prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, mental health problems, risky sexual behaviors, and overdose deaths. However, there is a notable absence of identified risk and protective factors for an individual's likelihood of engaging in misuse in real-world environments.
METHODS
Using an experience sampling approach, the authors collected repeated moments of young adults' (n = 95 participants drawn from 49 romantic couples) prescription drug misuse instances in daily life and tested multiple factors associated with the misuse.
RESULTS
When examined in separate multilevel models, individual and relationship factors (but not partner factors) reliably predicted the likelihood of females' and males' prescription drug misuse in daily life. Specifically, females' elevated dysphoria symptoms, alcohol problems, and relationship closeness were linked with an increased likelihood of misuse, whereas cohabiting decreased the likelihood of their misuse. Males' higher levels of illicit drug use and relationship closeness were associated with increased likelihood of misuse, whereas their dysphoria symptoms were related to a lower likelihood of misuse. When examined in models that considered the predictors simultaneously, females' misuse was associated with individual, partner, and relationship factors, whereas males' misuse was not reliably associated with any of the factors.
CONCLUSIONS
An experience sampling approach was effective for the near-real-time assessment of young adults' prescription drug misuse in daily environments, and the likelihood of misuse was associated with risk and protective factors from multiple levels of influence. Education and treatment efforts designed to reduce prescription drug misuse may need to be tailored to accommodate males' and females' distinct predictors of misuse.
背景
基于回顾性和整体评估的越来越多的证据表明，处方药滥用与非法药物使用、酒精滥用、心理健康问题、危险的性行为及过量用药死亡之间存在关联。然而，在现实环境中，对于个体发生滥用行为可能性的已确定风险因素和保护因素却明显缺失。
方法
作者采用经验抽样法，收集了年轻人（从49对浪漫情侣中抽取的95名参与者）日常生活中处方药滥用情况的重复数据，并测试了与滥用相关的多个因素。
结果
在单独的多层次模型中进行检验时，个体因素和关系因素（而非伴侣因素）能够可靠地预测女性和男性在日常生活中滥用处方药的可能性。具体而言，女性的烦躁不安症状加剧、酒精问题以及关系亲密度增加与滥用可能性增加相关，而同居则降低了她们滥用的可能性。男性较高的非法药物使用水平和关系亲密度与滥用可能性增加相关，而他们的烦躁不安症状则与较低的滥用可能性相关。在同时考虑预测因素的模型中进行检验时，女性的滥用行为与个体、伴侣及关系因素相关，而男性的滥用行为与任何因素均无可靠关联。
结论
经验抽样法对于在日常环境中近乎实时地评估年轻人的处方药滥用情况是有效的，滥用可能性与来自多个影响层面的风险因素和保护因素相关。旨在减少处方药滥用的教育和治疗措施可能需要进行调整，以适应男性和女性不同的滥用预测因素。
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