Department of Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 16;16(16):2939. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162939.
Investigations suggest non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) is associated with heavy drinking and polydrug use among university students. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of NMUPD among university students and to analyze its association with alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, and to study the role of the age of drinking onset. Cohort study among university Spanish students ( = 1382). Heavy drinking (HED) and risky consumption (RC) were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Questions related to tobacco and cannabis consumption were also formulated. NMUPD refers to sedative, anxiety, or pain medication intake within the last 15 days without medical prescription. All variables were measured at 18, 20, and 27 years. Multilevel logistic regression for repeated measures was used to obtain adjusted OR (odds ratios). We analyzed the results from a gender perspective. Prevalence of NMUPD were higher in students who already partook in NMUPD at the beginning of the study. NMUPD in women at 27 is 3 times higher than at 18, while in men it is twice. Among females, RC (OR = 1.43) and cannabis consumption (OR = 1.33) are risk factors for NMUPD, while later onset of alcohol use (OR = 0.66) constitutes a protective factor. No significant differences were found for males. NMUPD is prevalent among university students. RC and early onset of alcohol use were associated with higher prevalence of NMUPD in females. The prevalence of NMUPD increased with age in both sexes. Strategies for reducing risky drinking and delaying onset of drinking should be provided for university students. Pharmacists and parents should be alerted to the risk of NMUPD.
研究表明，非医疗目的使用处方药物（NMUPD）与大学生的酗酒和多种药物滥用有关。我们的目的是确定大学生 NMUPD 的流行率，并分析其与酒精、烟草和大麻使用的关系，以及研究饮酒起始年龄的作用。 对西班牙大学生的队列研究（n=1382）。使用酒精使用障碍识别测试测量大量饮酒（HED）和风险消费（RC）。还制定了与烟草和大麻消费有关的问题。NMUPD 是指在没有医疗处方的情况下，在过去 15 天内服用镇静剂、焦虑或止痛药。所有变量均在 18、20 和 27 岁时测量。使用重复测量的多级逻辑回归获得调整后的 OR（比值比）。我们从性别角度分析了结果。 在研究开始时已经进行 NMUPD 的学生中，NMUPD 的患病率更高。27 岁女性 NMUPD 的患病率是 18 岁时的 3 倍，而男性则是 2 倍。在女性中，RC（OR=1.43）和大麻消费（OR=1.33）是 NMUPD 的危险因素，而饮酒起始年龄较晚（OR=0.66）是保护因素。对于男性，没有发现显著差异。 NMUPD 在大学生中很常见。RC 和酒精使用的早期起始与女性 NMUPD 更高的患病率有关。在两性中，NMUPD 的患病率都随着年龄的增长而增加。应向大学生提供减少危险饮酒和延迟饮酒起始的策略。应提醒药剂师和家长注意 NMUPD 的风险。
