Katsoulas N, Antoniadis D, Tsirogiannis I L, Labraki E, Bartzanas T, Kittas C
Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str, 38446, Volos, Greece.
Municipality of Volos, Directorate for green areas, Town Hall of Dimini, Volos, Greece.
Int J Biometeorol. 2017 May;61(5):943-956. doi: 10.1007/s00484-016-1274-0. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
The objectives of this effort was to study the effect of vertical (green wall) and horizontal (pergola) green structures on the microclimate conditions of the building surroundings and estimate the thermal perception and heat stress conditions near the two structures. The experimental data were used to validate the results simulated by the recent version (V4.0 preview III) of ENVI-met software which was used to simulate the effect of different design parameters of a pergola and a green façade on microclimate and heat stress conditions. Further aim is to use these results for better design of green structures. The microclimate measurements were carried out in real scale structures (hydroponic pergola and hydroponic green wall) at the Kostakii Campus of the Technological Education Institute of Epirus (Arta, Greece). The validation results showed a very good agreement between measured and simulated values of air temperature, with T = 0.98 T in the Empty atrium and T = 0.99 T in the Atrium with pergola, with a determination coefficient R of 0.98 and 0.93, respectively. The model was used to predict the effects of green structures on air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and mean radiant temperature (T). The output values of these parameters were used as input data in the RayMan pro (V 2.1) model for estimating the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) of different case scenarios. The average daytime value of simulated air temperature in the atrium for the case without and with pergola during three different days was 29.2 and 28.9 °C while the corresponding measured values were 29.7 and 29.2 °C. The results showed that compared to the case with no pergola in the atrium, covering 100% the atrium area with a planted pergola reduced at the hottest part of the day T and PET values by 29.4 and 17.9 °C, respectively. Although the values of air temperature (measured and simulated) were not greatly affected by the presence of a green wall, the most important effect of green wall to the building wall is the reduction of solar radiation behind the green wall. This reduction leads to a significant reduction (about 8 °C) of building surface temperature behind the green wall and accordingly to a reduction of the energy load of the building.
这项工作的目标是研究垂直（绿墙）和水平（凉棚）绿色结构对建筑物周边微气候条件的影响，并估算这两种结构附近的热感知和热应激状况。实验数据用于验证由ENVI-met软件最新版本（V4.0预览版III）模拟的结果，该软件用于模拟凉棚和绿色立面的不同设计参数对微气候和热应激状况的影响。进一步的目标是利用这些结果对绿色结构进行更好的设计。微气候测量是在希腊阿尔塔伊庇鲁斯技术教育学院科斯塔基校区的实际规模结构（水培凉棚和水培绿墙）中进行的。验证结果表明，在空中庭中，气温测量值与模拟值之间的一致性非常好，T = 0.98T，在有凉棚的中庭中，T = 0.99T，决定系数R分别为0.98和0.93。该模型用于预测绿色结构对气温（T）、相对湿度（RH）和平均辐射温度（T）的影响。这些参数的输出值被用作RayMan pro（V 2.1）模型的输入数据，以估算不同案例场景下的生理等效温度（PET）。在三天不同的日子里，中庭无凉棚和有凉棚情况下模拟气温的白天平均数值分别为29.2和28.9°C，而相应的测量值分别为29.7和29.2°C。结果表明，与中庭没有凉棚的情况相比，在中庭区域100%覆盖种植凉棚，在一天中最热的时候，T值和PET值分别降低了29.4和17.9°C。虽然气温值（测量值和模拟值）受绿墙存在的影响不大，但绿墙对建筑墙体最重要的影响是减少了绿墙后面的太阳辐射。这种减少导致绿墙后面建筑表面温度显著降低（约8°C），从而降低了建筑物的能源负荷。
