Leal-Soto Francisco, Carmona-Halty Marcos, Ferrer-Urbina Rodrigo
Department of Social Sciences, Universidad de Tarapacá, Iquique, Chile;
School of Psychology & Philosophy, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2016 Nov 28;7:31638. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v7.31638. eCollection 2016.
Traumatic experiences, such as natural disasters, produce multiple and serious impacts on people. Despite the traditional focus on negative consequences, in many cases there are also positive consequences, such as posttraumatic growth. Tedeschi and Calhoun proposed a model of posttraumatic growth that emphasizes the role of rumination after the basic beliefs breakdown due to the occurrence of a traumatic experience.
A total of 238 volunteers affected by two major earthquakes and tsunami alerts in northern Chile on April 1 and 2, 2014, responded to an online survey measuring subjective severity, basic beliefs change, social share of emotion, rumination, posttraumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth.
Path analyses reveal that posttraumatic stress goes through a negative change in basic beliefs, intrusive rumination, and deliberated rumination, meanwhile posttraumatic growth is only achieved directly from a positive change in basic beliefs and deliberated rumination.
The model is consistent with the empirical model obtained in Chilean people affected by the earthquake and tsunami that occurred on 27 February, 2010, but it is slightly different and in a form that is more consistent with Tedeschi and Calhoun's theoretical model. Both models remark on the role of deliberated rumination in posttraumatic growth and failure to progress from intrusive to deliberated rumination in posttraumatic stress, but the proposed one is more parsimonious and assumes subjective severity as an antecedent to basic belief changes. These conclusions must be considered in light of limitations that a cross-sectional design and the correlational nature of the statistical analysis carried out impose.
Role of subjective severity, change of basic beliefs, social sharing of emotion, and rumination on posttraumatic stress and growth were modeled from responses of people affected by the April 1-2, 2014, northern Chilean earthquakes. Posttraumatic stress goes through negative changes in basic beliefs, intrusive rumination, and deliberated rumination. Posttraumatic growth is achieved from positive changes in basic beliefs and deliberated rumination. Deliberated rumination and moving from intrusive to deliberated rumination appear as cornerstones in posttraumatic processing.
创伤性经历，如自然灾害，会对人们产生多重严重影响。尽管传统上侧重于负面影响，但在许多情况下也存在积极影响，如创伤后成长。泰德eschi和卡尔洪提出了一个创伤后成长模型，该模型强调了在创伤性经历导致基本信念崩溃后反思的作用。
2014年4月1日和2日，智利北部发生两次大地震及海啸警报，共有238名受影响的志愿者参与了一项在线调查，该调查测量了主观严重程度、基本信念变化、情绪的社会分享、反思、创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长。
路径分析表明，创伤后应激障碍通过基本信念的消极变化、侵入性反思和深思熟虑的反思而发生，同时创伤后成长仅直接源于基本信念的积极变化和深思熟虑的反思。
该模型与2010年2月27日智利地震和海啸受灾人群中获得的实证模型一致，但略有不同，且形式上更符合泰德eschi和卡尔洪的理论模型。两个模型都提到了深思熟虑的反思在创伤后成长中的作用，以及创伤后应激障碍中未能从侵入性反思发展到深思熟虑的反思，但所提出的模型更简洁，并将主观严重程度视为基本信念变化的前提。鉴于横断面设计和所进行的统计分析的相关性本质所带来的局限性，必须考虑这些结论。
从2014年4月1 - 2日智利北部地震受灾人群的回答中，对主观严重程度、基本信念变化、情绪的社会分享以及反思对创伤后应激障碍和成长的作用进行了建模。创伤后应激障碍通过基本信念的消极变化、侵入性反思和深思熟虑的反思而发生。创伤后成长源于基本信念的积极变化和深思熟虑的反思。深思熟虑的反思以及从侵入性反思转变为深思熟虑的反思似乎是创伤后处理的基石。
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