Core belief challenge and rumination as predictors of PTSD and PTG among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake.

Middle school students in Wenchuan County (N = 354) were assessed 4.5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake to examine the effects of challenges to core beliefs, intrusive rumination, and deliberate rumination on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The results indicated that intrusive rumination partly mediated the relationship between challenges to core beliefs and PTSD, whereas deliberate rumination partly mediated both the relationship between challenges to core beliefs and PTG, as well as the relationship between intrusive rumination and PTG. These findings suggest that challenges to core beliefs had a direct positive impact on both PTSD and PTG. Moreover, such challenges predicted PTSD through intrusive rumination and predicted PTG through deliberate rumination. Furthermore, intrusive rumination might cue individuals to engage in a more purposive deliberate rumination process. These results indicate that PTSD and PTG are influenced by different mechanisms and that PTSD and PTG represent 2 separate dimensions of experience following adversity.