Dos Muchangos Leticia Sarmento, Tokai Akihiro, Hanashima Atsuko
1 Laboratory of Environmental Management, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
2 Department of Human Life and Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka 574-8530, Japan.
Waste Manag Res. 2017 Mar;35(3):253-266. doi: 10.1177/0734242X16678067. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
Understanding waste flows within an urban area is important for identifying the main problems and improvement opportunities for efficient waste management. Assessment tools such as material flow analysis (MFA), an extensively applied method in waste management studies, provide a structured and objective evaluating process to characterize the waste management system best, to identify its shortcomings and to propose suitable strategies. This paper presents the application of MFA to municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Maputo City, the capital of Mozambique. The results included the identification and quantification of the main input and output flows of the MSWM system in 2007 and 2014, from the generation, material recovery and collection, to final disposal and the unaccounted flow of municipal solid waste (MSW). We estimated that the waste generation increased from 397×10 tonnes in 2007 to 437×10 tonnes in 2014, whereas the total material recovery was insignificant in both years - 3×10 and 7×10 tonnes, respectively. As for collection and final disposal, the official collection of waste to the local dumpsite in the inner city increased about threefold, from 76×10 to 253×10 tonnes. For waste unaccounted for, the estimates indicated a reduction during the study period from 300×10 to 158×10 tonnes, due to the increase of collection services. The emphasized aspects include the need for practical waste reduction strategies, the opportunity to explore the potential for material recovery, careful consideration regarding the growing trend of illegal dumping and the urgency in phasing-out from the harmful practice of open dumping.
了解城市区域内的废物流对于识别有效废物管理的主要问题和改进机会至关重要。诸如物质流分析（MFA）等评估工具是废物管理研究中广泛应用的方法，它提供了一个结构化且客观的评估过程，以最佳地描述废物管理系统、识别其缺点并提出合适的策略。本文介绍了MFA在莫桑比克首都马普托市城市固体废物管理（MSWM）中的应用。结果包括识别和量化了2007年和2014年MSWM系统的主要输入和输出流，从产生、材料回收和收集到最终处置以及城市固体废物（MSW）的未核算流。我们估计，废物产生量从2007年的397×10吨增加到2014年的437×10吨，而这两年的总材料回收量都微不足道，分别为3×10吨和7×10吨。至于收集和最终处置，向市中心当地垃圾场的官方废物收集量增加了约三倍，从76×10吨增加到253×10吨。对于未核算的废物，估计表明在研究期间由于收集服务的增加而从300×10吨减少到158×10吨。强调的方面包括需要切实可行的废物减少策略、探索材料回收潜力的机会、认真考虑非法倾倒的增长趋势以及逐步淘汰露天倾倒这种有害做法的紧迫性。
