Faculty of Psychology, University of Nantes.
Department of Psychology, University of Poitiers.
Psychol Trauma. 2017 Sep;9(5):561-566. doi: 10.1037/tra0000243. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
Traumatic events can lead to posttraumatic (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] specific symptoms) and dissociative symptoms (PTSD nonspecific symptoms). However, the trauma exposure characteristics (type of exposure, categorical form, number of exposures and the age of the exposure) are rarely studied. We hypothesized that the characteristics of a traumatic event are the only predictors of specific posttraumatic symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitive impairment) and nonspecific symptoms (dissociation). We also hypothesized that some characteristics of a traumatic event are specific predictors of posttraumatic symptoms, whereas other characteristics are predictors of nonspecific symptoms.
Three hundred nine university students participated in the study (201 men, 108 women; mean age : 19.32 years). Students completed questionnaires assessing trauma exposure characteristics, PTSD, dissociation, and burnout. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to identify predictive factors for elevated specific PTSD symptoms and elevated nonspecific PTSD symptoms.
A different impact of the characteristics of 1 or more traumatic events was observed on specific posttraumatic symptoms. In men, the model was significant, with 6 predictors explaining 14% to 23% of the variance of specific posttraumatic symptoms. In women, 2 predictors explaining 15% to 28% of the variance of posttraumatic symptoms were found. The characteristics of the traumatic event were not the only predictors of posttraumatic symptoms (specific and nonspecific), with emotional exhaustion playing an unexpected predictive role.
Burnout and PTSD might share emotional exhaustion as a common risk factor for PTSD. Further studies in this area are warranted, noteworthy focusing on clinical populations. (PsycINFO Database Record
创伤事件可导致创伤后（创伤后应激障碍[PTSD]特异性症状）和分离症状（PTSD 非特异性症状）。然而，创伤暴露特征（暴露类型、分类形式、暴露次数和暴露年龄）很少被研究。我们假设创伤事件的特征是特定创伤后症状（闯入、回避、负性认知损害）和非特异性症状（分离）的唯一预测因素。我们还假设，创伤事件的某些特征是创伤后症状的特定预测因素，而其他特征是非特异性症状的预测因素。
309 名大学生参加了研究（201 名男性，108 名女性；平均年龄：19.32 岁）。学生完成了评估创伤暴露特征、创伤后应激障碍、分离和倦怠的问卷。进行多元线性回归以确定特定 PTSD 症状升高和非特定 PTSD 症状升高的预测因素。
观察到一个或多个创伤事件的特征对特定创伤后症状有不同的影响。在男性中，模型具有统计学意义，6 个预测因子解释了特定创伤后症状的 14%至 23%的方差。在女性中，发现了 2 个预测因子，解释了创伤后症状的 15%至 28%的方差。创伤事件的特征不是创伤后症状（特定和非特定）的唯一预测因素，情感耗竭起着意想不到的预测作用。
倦怠和 PTSD 可能共享情感耗竭作为 PTSD 的共同风险因素。需要在该领域进行进一步研究，值得关注的是临床人群。
