Villarroel Maria A, Vahratian Anjel
NCHS Data Brief. 2016 Dec(265):1-8.
Data from the National Health Interview Survey •Among adults aged 18 and over with diagnosed diabetes, 61.6% had an influenza vaccine in the past year. •A total of 52.6% of adults with diagnosed diabetes had a pneumococcal vaccine and 17.1% had the 3-dose vaccination schedule for hepatitis B at some point in the past. •Among adults aged 60 and over with diagnosed diabetes, 27.2% had ever had a shingles vaccine. •Among those with diagnosed diabetes, the vaccination coverage for influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles was lowest among poor adults, increased with age, and varied by race and ethnicity. •Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was lowest among poor adults, and it decreased with age. Persons with diabetes are at an increased risk for complications from vaccine-preventable infections (1-3). Several vaccines are recommended for adults with diabetes, including annual vaccination for influenza and at least a one-time dose of pneumococcal vaccine, regardless of age; a shingles vaccine starting at age 60; and a hepatitis B vaccine soon after diabetes diagnosis among those aged 19-59, and based on clinical discretion thereafter (4). This report describes the receipt of select vaccinations among adults with diagnosed diabetes by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and poverty status.
来自美国国家健康访谈调查的数据
• 在18岁及以上被诊断患有糖尿病的成年人中，61.6%在过去一年接种了流感疫苗。
• 共有52.6%被诊断患有糖尿病的成年人接种了肺炎球菌疫苗，17.1%在过去的某个时间点完成了3剂次乙肝疫苗接种程序。
• 在60岁及以上被诊断患有糖尿病的成年人中，27.2%曾接种过带状疱疹疫苗。
• 在被诊断患有糖尿病的人群中，流感、肺炎球菌和带状疱疹疫苗的接种率在贫困成年人中最低，随年龄增长而增加，并且因种族和族裔而异。
• 乙肝疫苗接种率在贫困成年人中最低，且随年龄增长而下降。糖尿病患者因疫苗可预防感染而出现并发症的风险增加(1 - 3)。对于患有糖尿病的成年人，推荐接种几种疫苗，包括每年接种流感疫苗以及无论年龄大小至少接种一剂次肺炎球菌疫苗；60岁开始接种带状疱疹疫苗；19 - 59岁人群在糖尿病诊断后尽快接种乙肝疫苗，此后根据临床判断决定是否接种(4)。本报告按性别、年龄、种族和族裔以及贫困状况描述了被诊断患有糖尿病的成年人中特定疫苗的接种情况。
