Sorensen P W, Stacey N E, Chamberlain K J
Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Horm Behav. 1989 Sep;23(3):317-32. doi: 10.1016/0018-506x(89)90046-9.
Ovulatory female goldfish sequentially release at least two sex pheromones: 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta P) and a mixture of F prostaglandins (PGFs). This study sought to determine whether these pheromones have different endocrinological and behavioral actions and whether the PGF pheromone, which is released by spawning females, is responsible for increasing the gonadotropin (GtH) and milt (sperm and seminal fluid) levels of spawning males. Grouped and isolated males were exposed to combinations of these pheromones, food odor, and spawning and nonspawning females. 17,20 beta P stimulated GtH increases in both grouped and isolated males but had only minor effects on behavior; because its principal function appears to be physiological it may be considered a "primer" pheromone. In contrast, exposue to the PGFs elicited large increases in sexual behavior but increased GtH only when fish were exposed as groups; this pheromone's principal action appears to be behavioral and it should be considered a "releaser" pheromone. Although males had increased GtH and milt levels after 1 hr of spawning, males allowed to interact with nonspawning females also had elevated GtH; thus, behavioral interactions appear capable of elevating GtH in the absence of either pheromone. The existence of an independent behavioral mechanism which stimulates GtH was supported by the fact that males exposed to 17,20 beta P while spawning had GtH levels much greater than males exposed to only one of these stimuli.
17α, 20β - 二羟基 - 4 - 孕烯 - 3 - 酮（17,20βP）和F前列腺素（PGFs）混合物。本研究旨在确定这些信息素是否具有不同的内分泌和行为作用，以及由产卵雌性释放的PGF信息素是否会导致产卵雄性的促性腺激素（GtH）和精液（精子和精浆）水平升高。将分组饲养和单独饲养的雄性金鱼暴露于这些信息素、食物气味以及产卵和未产卵雌性的组合环境中。17,20βP刺激了分组饲养和单独饲养的雄性金鱼的GtH增加，但对行为影响较小；由于其主要功能似乎是生理性的，它可能被视为一种“启动”信息素。相比之下，暴露于PGFs会引发性行为大幅增加，但仅当鱼类分组暴露时才会增加GtH；这种信息素的主要作用似乎是行为性的，应被视为一种“释放”信息素。尽管雄性金鱼在产卵1小时后GtH和精液水平有所增加，但与未产卵雌性互动的雄性金鱼GtH也会升高；因此，在没有任何一种信息素的情况下，行为互动似乎能够提高GtH。暴露于17,20βP的雄性金鱼在产卵时的GtH水平远高于仅暴露于其中一种刺激的雄性金鱼，这一事实支持了存在一种独立的刺激GtH的行为机制。
