Yang Andrew, Farmer Emily, Lin John, Wu T-C, Hung Chien-Fu
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.
Virus Res. 2017 Mar 2;231:148-165. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.002. Epub 2016 Dec 6.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be a necessary factor for many gynecologic malignancies and is also associated with a subset of head and neck malignancies. This knowledge has created the opportunity to control these HPV-associated cancers through vaccination. However, despite the availability of prophylactic HPV vaccines, HPV infections remain extremely common worldwide. In addition, while prophylactic HPV vaccines have been effective in preventing infection, they are ineffective at clearing pre-existing HPV infections. Thus, there is an urgent need for therapeutic and T cell-based vaccines to treat existing HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Unlike prophylactic vaccines, which generate neutralizing antibodies, therapeutic, and T cell-based vaccines enhance cell-mediated immunity against HPV antigens. Our review will cover various therapeutic and T cell-based vaccines in development for the treatment of HPV-associated diseases. Furthermore, we review the strategies to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines and the latest clinical trials on therapeutic and T cell-based HPV vaccines.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是许多妇科恶性肿瘤的必要因素，也与一部分头颈恶性肿瘤有关。这一认知为通过接种疫苗控制这些与HPV相关的癌症创造了机会。然而，尽管有预防性HPV疫苗，但HPV感染在全球范围内仍然极为常见。此外，虽然预防性HPV疫苗在预防感染方面有效，但它们在清除已有的HPV感染方面无效。因此，迫切需要治疗性疫苗和基于T细胞的疫苗来治疗现有的HPV感染以及HPV相关病变和癌症。与产生中和抗体的预防性疫苗不同，治疗性疫苗和基于T细胞的疫苗可增强针对HPV抗原的细胞介导免疫。我们的综述将涵盖正在研发的用于治疗HPV相关疾病的各种治疗性疫苗和基于T细胞的疫苗。此外，我们还将综述提高治疗性疫苗疗效的策略以及治疗性和基于T细胞的HPV疫苗的最新临床试验情况。
