Yoo Siuk, Lam Haylie, Lee Chansong, Lee Gyunghee, Park Jae H
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Gene. 2017 Mar 10;604:9-21. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.043. Epub 2016 Dec 6.
Although the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death have been well studied in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, it is unclear whether such mechanisms are conserved in other distantly related species. Using degenerate primers and PCR, we cloned a proapoptotic gene homologous to Head involution defective (Hid) from the Scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris (MsHid). MsHid cDNA encodes a 197-amino acid-long polypeptide, which so far is the smallest HID protein. PCR analyses revealed that the MsHid gene consists of four exons and three introns. Ectopic expression of MsHid in various peptidergic neurons and non-neuronal tissues in Drosophila effectively induced apoptosis of these cells. However, deletion of either conserved domain, N-terminal IBM or C-terminal MTS, abolished the apoptogenic activity of MsHID, indicating that these two domains are indispensable. Expression of MsHid was found in all life stages, but more prominently in embryos and pupae. MsHid is actively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), indicating its important role in CNS development. Together MsHID is likely to be an important cell death inducer during embryonic and post-embryonic development in this species. In addition, we found 2-fold induction of MsHid expression in UV-irradiated embryos, indicating a possible role for MsHid in UV-induced apoptosis.
尽管凋亡性细胞死亡的机制在果蝇（黑腹果蝇）中已得到充分研究，但尚不清楚这些机制在其他远缘物种中是否保守。我们使用简并引物和聚合酶链反应（PCR），从蚤蝇（Megaselia scalaris，MsHid）中克隆了一个与头部内卷缺陷（Hid）同源的促凋亡基因。MsHid cDNA编码一个197个氨基酸长的多肽，这是迄今为止最小的HID蛋白。PCR分析表明，MsHid基因由四个外显子和三个内含子组成。MsHid在果蝇的各种肽能神经元和非神经元组织中的异位表达有效地诱导了这些细胞的凋亡。然而，删除任何一个保守结构域，即N端的IBM或C端的MTS，都会消除MsHID的凋亡活性，表明这两个结构域是不可或缺的。MsHid在所有生命阶段均有表达，但在胚胎和蛹期更为显著。MsHid在中枢神经系统（CNS）中活跃表达，表明其在CNS发育中起重要作用。总之，MsHID可能是该物种胚胎期和胚后期发育过程中重要的细胞死亡诱导因子。此外，我们发现紫外线照射的胚胎中MsHid表达增加了2倍，表明MsHid在紫外线诱导的凋亡中可能发挥作用。
