Rareshide E, Amedee R G
J La State Med Soc. 1989 Sep;141(9):9-11.
At least 2 million Americans suffer with chemosensory dysfunction or disorders of taste and smell. In addition to the obvious aesthetic deprivation, loss of taste may affect an individual's health and psychosocial situation. Most taste disorders are associated with antecedent upper respiratory infection, trauma, or allergic rhinitis, or have an idiopathic etiology. They may reflect underlying neoplastic, neurologic, endocrine, infectious, or nutritional disturbances; only 1% of these patients have a functional disorder. Evaluation consists of a history and physical, followed by a screening test battery searching for any of the treatable etiologies. One third of patients will respond to exogenous zinc therapy after a treatment period of 2 to 4 months. The remainder must rely on supportive measures such as additives, flavor enhancers, and rinses.
至少200万美国人患有化学感应功能障碍或味觉和嗅觉紊乱。除了明显的审美缺失外，味觉丧失可能会影响个人的健康和心理社会状况。大多数味觉障碍与先前的上呼吸道感染、创伤或过敏性鼻炎有关，或病因不明。它们可能反映潜在的肿瘤、神经、内分泌、感染或营养紊乱；这些患者中只有1%患有功能性障碍。评估包括病史和体格检查，然后进行一系列筛查测试，以寻找任何可治疗的病因。三分之一的患者在2至4个月的治疗期后对外源性锌治疗有反应。其余患者必须依靠添加剂、增味剂和漱口水等支持性措施。
