Fujita H
Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Japan.
J Electron Microsc Tech. 1989 Jul;12(3):201-18. doi: 10.1002/jemt.1060120304.
High-voltage electron microscopy has shown itself advantageous for the study of natural science, including biology, but especially for materials science. The most important advantage for materials science is for in situ experiments about the detailed processes of the phenomena that occur in bulk materials. The present paper is mainly concerned with several types of in situ experiments that have been carried out in the Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University. The following subjects have been studied: a) fundamental problems, such as the conditions necessary for in situ experiments, functional features of specimen treatment devices, and the effects of electron irradiation; b) the dislocation behavior of crystals under various conditions; c) high-temperature behavior of refractory materials, mainly ceramic composites; d) new applications of electron irradiation effects, such as amorphization of crystalline materials and electron-irradiation-induced foreign-atom implantation; e) environment-matter interaction, mainly chemical amorphization of alloys; and f) future trends of the in situ experiment, such as combinations with Auger valency electron spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy.
高压电子显微镜已显示出其在包括生物学在内的自然科学研究中的优势，但在材料科学领域尤为突出。材料科学中最重要的优势在于能够对块状材料中发生的现象的详细过程进行原位实验。本文主要关注大阪大学超高压电子显微镜研究中心所进行的几种类型的原位实验。研究了以下几个方面的内容：a）基础问题，如原位实验所需的条件、样品处理装置的功能特性以及电子辐照的影响；b）各种条件下晶体的位错行为；c）难熔材料（主要是陶瓷复合材料）的高温行为；d）电子辐照效应的新应用，如晶体材料的非晶化和电子辐照诱导的外来原子注入；e）环境与物质的相互作用，主要是合金的化学非晶化；f）原位实验的未来趋势，如与俄歇价电子能谱和高分辨率电子显微镜的结合。
