Iqbal Asif, Ali Ashraf, Fahad Shah, Parmar Brajendra
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
Crop Physiology and Production Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2016 Nov 30;7:1773. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01773. eCollection 2016.
Nitrogen is one of the most important factor affecting maize ( L.) yield and income of smallholders under semiarid climates. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of different N-fertilizer sources [urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), and ammonium sulfate (AS)] and rates (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha) on umber of rows ear (NOR ear), number of seeds row (NOS row), number of seeds ear (NOS ear), number of ears per 100 plants (NOEP 100 plants), grain yield plant, stover yield (kg ha), and shelling percentage (%) of maize genotypes "Local cultivars (Azam and Jalal) vs. hybrid (Pioneer-3025)." The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar during summers of 2008 (year one) and 2010 (year two). The results revealed that the N treated (rest) plots (the average of all the experimental plots treated with N) had produced higher yield and yield components, and shelling percentage over N-control plots (plots where N was not applied). Application of nitrogen at the higher rate increased yield and yield components in maize (200 > 150 > 100 > 50 kg N ha). Application of AS and CAN had more beneficial impact on yield and yield components of maize as compared to urea (AS > CAN > urea). Hybrid maize (P-3025) produced significantly higher yield and yield components as well as higher shelling percentage than the two local cultivars (P-3025 > Jalal = Azam). Application of ammonium sulfate at the rate of 200 kg N ha to hybrid maize was found most beneficial in terms of higher productivity and grower's income in the study area. For the two local cultivars, application of 150 kg N ha was found more beneficial over 120 kg N ha (recommended N rate) in terms of greater productivity and growers income.
氮是半干旱气候条件下影响玉米产量和小农户收入的最重要因素之一。开展田间试验，研究不同氮肥源[尿素、硝酸钙铵（CAN）和硫酸铵（AS）]及施用量（50、100、150和200千克/公顷）对玉米基因型“地方品种（阿扎姆和贾拉尔）与杂交种（先锋-3025）”的穗行数（NOR穗）、行粒数（NOS行）、穗粒数（NOS穗）、每100株穗数（NOEP 100株）、单株籽粒产量、秸秆产量（千克/公顷）和出籽率（%）的影响。该试验于2008年（第一年）和2010年（第二年）夏季在白沙瓦农业大学农学研究农场进行。结果表明，施氮处理（其余）地块（所有施氮试验地块的平均值）的产量、产量构成因素和出籽率均高于不施氮对照地块（未施氮的地块）。较高施氮量提高了玉米的产量和产量构成因素（200＞150＞100＞50千克氮/公顷）。与尿素相比，施用硫酸铵和硝酸钙铵对玉米产量和产量构成因素的影响更有益（AS＞CAN＞尿素）。杂交玉米（P-3025）的产量、产量构成因素和出籽率显著高于两个地方品种（P-3025＞贾拉尔 = 阿扎姆）。在研究区域，对杂交玉米施用200千克氮/公顷的硫酸铵在提高生产力和种植者收入方面最为有益。对于两个地方品种，施用150千克氮/公顷在提高生产力和种植者收入方面比120千克氮/公顷（推荐施氮量）更有益。
