Tekulu Kinfe, Taye Gebeyehu, Assefa Dereje
Department of Soil Fertility Research, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Shire Soil Research Centre, P.O. Box 40, Shire, Ethiopia.
Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2020 Oct 3;6(10):e05101. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05101. eCollection 2020 Oct.
Increasing costs of chemical fertilizers, environmental concerns of their application and demand for protein foods, placed an extensive interest in growing of legume crops for human nutrition, and soil fertility replenishment. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on parameters of phenology, growth performance, grain yield, yield components, grain protein content of groundnut, and residual soil nitrogen content in the northern Ethiopia during the growing season of 2017. Three levels of N (0, 15 and 30 kg ha) and four levels of PO (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg ha) were set in factorial combinations of randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that an average total biomass yield increased by 22.5% for separate individual application of 15 kg N ha and by 16.6% for 46 kg PO ha compared to control plots. Haulm yield increased by 29.17% for plots treated with N fertilization compared to control plots. Average pod yield increased by 85.4% for a combined application of 15 kg N ha and 46 kg PO ha fertilizers compared to the control plots. Plots fertilized with the highest combined rates of N and P have attained lower grain yield compared to the combined application of 15 kg N ha and 46 kg PO ha. The highest grain protein contents were obtained for a combined application of 30 kg N ha and zero P, and 15 kg N ha plus 46 kg PO ha. The highest N harvest index was obtained for control treatments and for plots treated with combined application of 15 kg N ha and 46 kg PO ha. Residual soil N content increased by 119% on plots with combined application of 15 kg N ha and 46 PO ha compared to control plots. Based on our results, combined application of 15 kg N ha and 46 kg PO ha was recommended for increasing grain yield, grain protein content and residual soil nitrogen. The results of this study are crucial to improve groundnut productivity, grain protein content and also to provide implication on soil fertility management in a crop rotation system.
化肥成本不断上涨、其施用引发的环境问题以及对蛋白质食品的需求，使得人们对种植豆类作物用于人类营养和补充土壤肥力产生了广泛兴趣。本研究旨在调查2017年生长季期间，氮（N）肥和磷（P）肥对埃塞俄比亚北部花生的物候参数、生长性能、籽粒产量、产量构成因素、籽粒蛋白质含量以及土壤残留氮含量的影响。设置了三个氮水平（0、15和30千克/公顷）和四个磷水平（0、23、46和69千克/公顷），采用随机完全区组设计的析因组合，重复三次。结果表明，与对照地块相比，单独施用15千克/公顷氮时平均总生物量产量增加了22.5%，施用46千克/公顷磷时增加了16.6%。与对照地块相比，施氮肥的地块茎蔓产量增加了29.17%。与对照地块相比，同时施用15千克/公顷氮和46千克/公顷磷时平均荚果产量增加了85.4%。与同时施用15千克/公顷氮和46千克/公顷磷相比，施用最高氮磷组合比例的地块籽粒产量较低。同时施用30千克/公顷氮和零磷以及15千克/公顷氮加46千克/公顷磷时获得了最高的籽粒蛋白质含量。对照处理以及同时施用15千克/公顷氮和46千克/公顷磷的地块获得了最高的氮收获指数。与对照地块相比，同时施用15千克/公顷氮和46千克/公顷磷的地块土壤残留氮含量增加了119%。基于我们的结果，建议同时施用15千克/公顷氮和46千克/公顷磷以提高籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量以及土壤残留氮。本研究结果对于提高花生产量、籽粒蛋白质含量以及对轮作系统中的土壤肥力管理具有重要意义。
