Schlauch Robert S, Han Heekyung J, Yu Tzu-Ling J, Carney Edward
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Jan 1;60(1):136-143. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-H-15-0330.
The purpose of this article is to examine explanations for pure-tone average-spondee threshold differences in functional hearing loss.
Loudness magnitude estimation functions were obtained from 24 participants for pure tones (0.5 and 1.0 kHz), vowels, spondees, and speech-shaped noise as a function of level (20-90 dB SPL). Participants listened monaurally through earphones. Loudness predictions were obtained for the same stimuli by using a computational, dynamic loudness model.
When evaluated at the same SPL, speech-shaped noise was judged louder than vowels/spondees, which were judged louder than tones. Equal-loudness levels were inferred from fitted loudness functions for the group. For the clinical application, the 2.1-dB difference between spondees and tones at equal loudness became a 12.1-dB difference when the stimuli were converted from SPL to HL.
Nearly all of the pure-tone average-spondee threshold differences in functional hearing loss are attributable to references for calibration for 0 dB HL for tones and speech, which are based on detection and recognition, respectively. The recognition threshold for spondees is roughly 9 dB higher than the speech detection threshold; persons feigning a loss, who base loss magnitude on loudness, do not consider this difference. Furthermore, the dynamic loudness model was more accurate than the static model.
本文旨在探讨功能性听力损失中纯音平均听阈与扬扬格词阈差异的解释。
从24名参与者中获取了响度大小估计函数，该函数针对纯音（0.5和1.0千赫）、元音、扬扬格词以及言语噪声，作为声压级（20 - 90分贝声压级）的函数。参与者通过耳机单耳聆听。通过使用一种计算动态响度模型，对相同刺激进行响度预测。
在相同声压级下评估时，言语噪声被判定比元音/扬扬格词更响，而元音/扬扬格词又比纯音更响。根据该组拟合的响度函数推断出等响度级。对于临床应用而言，当刺激从声压级转换为听力级时，扬扬格词与纯音在等响度时2.1分贝的差异变成了12.1分贝的差异。
功能性听力损失中几乎所有的纯音平均听阈与扬扬格词阈差异都归因于纯音和言语0分贝听力级校准的参考标准，它们分别基于检测和识别。扬扬格词的识别阈大约比言语检测阈高9分贝；假装听力损失的人，其损失程度基于响度，并未考虑到这种差异。此外，动态响度模型比静态模型更准确。
