番樱桃属叶萼组（桃金娘科）的进化史证实了南大西洋森林中历史上稳定的区域。
The evolutionary history of Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx (Myrtaceae) corroborates historically stable areas in the southern Atlantic forests.
作者信息
de Oliveira Bünger Mariana, Fernanda Mazine Fiorella, Forest Félix, Leandro Bueno Marcelo, Renato Stehmann João, Lucas Eve J
机构信息
Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-campus Sorocaba, João Leme dos Santos, Km 110-SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2016 Dec;118(7):1209-1223. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcw209.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx Nied. includes 14 species endemic to the Neotropics, mostly distributed in the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil. Here the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group is presented, and this phylogeny is used as the basis to evaluate the recent infrageneric classification in Eugenia sensu lato (s.l.) to test the history of the evolution of traits in the group and test hypotheses associated with the history of this clade.
METHODS
A total of 42 taxa were sampled, of which 14 were Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx for one nuclear (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) and four plastid markers (psbA-trnH, rpl16, trnL-rpl32 and trnQ-rps16). The relationships were reconstructed based on Bayesian analysis and maximum likelihood. Additionally, ancestral area analysis and modelling methods were used to estimate species dispersal, comparing historically climatic stable (refuges) and unstable areas.
KEY RESULTS
Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences indicate that Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx is paraphyletic and the two clades recovered are characterized by combinations of morphological characters. Phylogenetic relationships support a link between Cerrado and south-eastern species and a difference in the composition of species from north-eastern and south-eastern Atlantic forest. Refugia and stable areas identified within unstable areas suggest that these areas were important to maintain diversity in the Atlantic forest biodiversity hotspot.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a robust phylogenetic framework to address important historical questions for Eugenia s.l. within an evolutionary context, supporting the need for better taxonomic study of one of the largest genera in the Neotropics. Furthermore, valuable insight is offered into diversification and biome shifts of plant species in the highly environmentally impacted Atlantic forest of South America. Evidence is presented that climate stability in the south-eastern Atlantic forest during the Quaternary contributed to the highest levels of plant diversity in this region that acted as a refugium.
背景与目的
番樱桃属（Eugenia）的叶萼组（Phyllocalyx Nied.）包含14个新热带界特有物种，主要分布于巴西的大西洋沿岸森林。本文首次对该类群进行了全面的系统发育研究，并以此系统发育为基础，评估了广义番樱桃属（Eugenia sensu lato, s.l.）最近的亚属分类，以检验该类群性状的进化历史，并验证与该分支历史相关的假说。
方法
共选取了42个分类单元进行采样，其中14个为叶萼组番樱桃属物种，对其一个核基因（核糖体内部转录间隔区）和四个质体标记（psbA-trnH、rpl16、trnL-rpl32和trnQ-rps16）进行分析。基于贝叶斯分析和最大似然法重建系统发育关系。此外，采用祖先分布区分析和建模方法来估计物种扩散情况，比较历史气候稳定（避难所）和不稳定区域。
主要结果
最大似然法和贝叶斯推断表明，叶萼组番樱桃属是并系的，所恢复的两个分支具有形态特征组合。系统发育关系支持塞拉多地区与东南部物种之间的联系，以及东北大西洋森林和东南大西洋森林物种组成的差异。在不稳定区域内确定的避难所和稳定区域表明，这些区域对维持大西洋森林生物多样性热点地区的多样性很重要。
结论
本研究提供了一个强有力的系统发育框架，以解决广义番樱桃属在进化背景下的重要历史问题，支持对新热带界最大属之一进行更好的分类学研究的必要性。此外，还为南美洲受环境影响严重的大西洋森林中植物物种的多样化和生物群落变化提供了有价值的见解。有证据表明，第四纪期间东南大西洋森林的气候稳定性促成了该地区作为避难所的最高植物多样性水平。
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