Bucci Maria Pia, Stordeur Coline, Septier Mathilde, Acquaviva Eric, Peyre Hugo, Delorme Richard
1 UMR 1141 Inserm-Université Paris Diderot, Robert Debré Hospital , Paris, France .
2 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital , Paris, France .
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017 Apr;27(3):274-280. doi: 10.1089/cap.2016.0162. Epub 2016 Dec 15.
There are relatively few studies of saccadic eye movements in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to examine inhibitory abilities of eye movements in children with ADHD and to explore the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on eye movement performance.
Thirty-one children with ADHD (mean age 9.9 ± 0.4 years) and 31 sex-, age-, and IQ-matched children with normal development were examined. Saccades elicited not only by the gap, step, overlap, and antisaccade paradigms but also a simple fixation paradigm have been recorded using an eye tracker. The latency of each type of saccade, the error rate of antisaccades, and the number of saccades made during fixation have been measured.
Children with ADHD and naive to treatment with respect to controls showed significantly shorter mean latency of voluntary saccades (overlap paradigm), more frequent errors during the antisaccade paradigm, and higher number of saccades made during fixation. After 1 month of MPH treatment, all these parameters changed significantly and reached control values.
Taken together, these results suggest that oculomotor abilities are poor in children with ADHD, which may correlate with deficits in inhibitory mechanisms. Treatment with MPH improves oculomotor performances through adaptive strategies, which may involve brain structures related to cognitive inhibition.
关于注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的眼球快速运动的研究相对较少。本研究的目的是检查ADHD儿童眼球运动的抑制能力，并探讨哌甲酯（MPH）对眼球运动表现的影响。
对31名ADHD儿童（平均年龄9.9±0.4岁）和31名性别、年龄和智商匹配的正常发育儿童进行了检查。使用眼动仪记录了不仅由间隙、阶跃、重叠和反扫视范式引发的扫视，还记录了简单的注视范式。测量了每种扫视类型的潜伏期、反扫视的错误率以及注视期间的扫视次数。
与对照组相比，未经治疗的ADHD儿童表现出自愿性扫视的平均潜伏期显著缩短（重叠范式）、反扫视范式期间的错误更频繁以及注视期间的扫视次数更多。MPH治疗1个月后，所有这些参数均发生显著变化并达到对照值。
综上所述，这些结果表明ADHD儿童的眼动能力较差，这可能与抑制机制缺陷有关。MPH治疗通过适应性策略改善眼动表现，这可能涉及与认知抑制相关的脑结构。
