Mangano M C, Sarà G
IAMC-CNR Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, 91021, Torretta Granitola, Fraz. di Campobello di Mazara, TP, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), CoNISMa, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), CoNISMa, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Mar 1;188:195-202. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.013. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
The use of rigorous methodologies to assess environmental, social and health impacts of specific interventions is crucial to disentangle the various components of environmental questions and to inform public opinion. The power of systematic maps relies on the capacity to summarise and organise the areas or relationships most studied, and to highlight key gaps in the evidence base. The recent Italian technical referendum (2016) - a public consultation inviting people to express their opinion by voting to change the rules on the length of licence duration and the decommissioning of offshore oil and gas platform drilling licences - inspired the creation of a systematic map of evidence to scope and quantify the effects of off-shore extraction platforms on Mediterranean marine ecosystems. The map was aimed as a useful model to standardise a "minimal informational threshold", which can inform public opinion at the beginning of any public consultation. Produced by synthesising scientific information, the map represents a reliable layer for any future sustainable strategy in the Mediterranean basin by: (i) providing a summary of the effects of marine gas and oil platforms on the Mediterranean marine ecosystem, (ii) describing the best known affected components on which the biggest monitoring efforts have been focused, and (iii) strengthening the science-policy nexus by offering a credible, salient and legitimate knowledge baseline to both public opinion and decision-makers. The map exercise highlights the knowledge gaps that need filling and taking into due consideration before future transnational and cross-border monitoring and management plans and activities can be addressed.
运用严谨的方法来评估特定干预措施对环境、社会和健康的影响，对于厘清环境问题的各个组成部分并为公众舆论提供信息至关重要。系统地图的作用在于能够总结和梳理研究最多的领域或关系，并突出证据基础中的关键空白。近期的意大利技术公投（2016年）——一项公众咨询活动，邀请人们通过投票来表达意见，以改变海上石油和天然气平台钻探许可证的有效期及退役规则——激发了绘制一份证据系统地图的想法，旨在界定并量化海上开采平台对地中海海洋生态系统的影响。该地图旨在成为一个有用的模型，以规范“最低信息门槛”，从而在任何公众咨询开始时为公众舆论提供信息。通过综合科学信息制作而成的该地图，通过以下方式为地中海盆地未来的任何可持续战略提供了一个可靠层面：（i）总结海洋天然气和石油平台对地中海海洋生态系统的影响；（ii）描述监测力度最大的最知名受影响组成部分；（iii）通过为公众舆论和决策者提供一个可信、显著且合法的知识基线，加强科学与政策的联系。地图绘制工作凸显了在制定未来跨国和跨境监测及管理计划与活动之前需要填补并充分考虑的知识空白。
