Bok Jeroen, Hogerwerf Lenny, Germeraad Eveline A, Roest Hendrik I J, Faye-Joof Tisbeh, Jeng Momodou, Nwakanma Davis, Secka Arss, Stegeman Arjan, Goossens Bart, Wegmüller Rita, van der Sande Marianne A B, van der Hoek Wim, Secka Ousman
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Trop Med Int Health. 2017 Mar;22(3):323-331. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12827. Epub 2017 Jan 22.
To simultaneously estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) among adults and small ruminants, and C. burnetii shedding prevalence among small ruminants in households in the Kiang West district of The Gambia, and to assess associated risk factors.
Sera of 599 adults and 615 small ruminants from 125 compounds within 12 villages were tested for antibodies against C. burnetii using ELISA. Vaginal swabs and milk samples of 155 small ruminants were tested using PCR to investigate shedding of C. burnetii.
A total of 3.8-9.7% of adults, depending on ELISA test cut-off, and 24.9% of small ruminants in Kiang West were seropositive. Having at least one seropositive animal in one's compound was a risk factor for human seropositivity (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.09-14.44). A grazing area within a village was a risk factor for seropositivity in small ruminants (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.26-3.50); others were having lambed (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.37-5.76) and older age of the animals (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.37-5.76 for 1-3 years and OR 5.84, 95% CI: 3.10-11.64 for >3 years); 57.4% of sampled small ruminants were shedding C. burnetii.
Coxiella burnetii infection is endemic among both humans and small ruminants in this area of The Gambia. Human and animal exposure to C. burnetii were related at compound level. Further research into the clinical relevance of C. burnetii infection in West Africa is needed.
同时估计冈比亚江西区成年人和小反刍动物中抗伯氏考克斯氏体（Q热）抗体的流行率，以及小反刍动物中伯氏考克斯氏体的排泄流行率，并评估相关危险因素。
采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测来自12个村庄125个居住地的599名成年人和615只小反刍动物的血清中抗伯氏考克斯氏体的抗体。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测155只小反刍动物的阴道拭子和乳样，以调查伯氏考克斯氏体的排泄情况。
根据ELISA检测临界值，江西区3.8%-9.7%的成年人血清呈阳性，24.9%的小反刍动物血清呈阳性。居住地内至少有一只血清阳性动物是人类血清阳性的危险因素（比值比：3.35，95%置信区间：1.09-14.44）。村庄内的放牧区域是小反刍动物血清阳性的危险因素（比值比：2.07，95%置信区间：1.26-3.50）；其他危险因素包括产羔（比值比：2.75，95%置信区间：1.37-5.76）和动物年龄较大（1-3岁的比值比：2.75，95%置信区间：1.37-5.76；>3岁的比值比：5.84，95%置信区间：3.10-11.64）；57.4%的采样小反刍动物排泄伯氏考克斯氏体。
在冈比亚的这一地区，伯氏考克斯氏体感染在人类和小反刍动物中均为地方性流行。在居住地层面，人类和动物接触伯氏考克斯氏体存在关联。需要进一步研究西非伯氏考克斯氏体感染的临床相关性。
