International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
H20 Venture Partners, 33-35 George Street, Oxford, OX1 2AY, United Kingdom.
Prev Vet Med. 2021 Apr;189:105279. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105279. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
Managing the health needs of livestock contributes to reducing poverty and improving the livelihoods of smallholder and pastoralist livestock keepers globally. Animal health practitioners, producers, policymakers, and researchers all must prioritize how to mobilize limited resources. This study employed three approaches to prioritize animal health needs in East and West Africa and South Asia to identify diseases and syndromes that impact livestock keepers. The approaches were a) systematic literature review, b) a series of expert workshops, and c) a practitioner survey of veterinarians and para-veterinary professionals. The top constraints that emerged from all three approaches include endo/ ectoparasites, foot and mouth disease, brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants, Newcastle disease, and avian influenza. Expert workshops additionally identified contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, mastitis, and reproductive disorders as constraints not emphasized in the literature review. Practitioner survey results additionally identified nutrition as a constraint for smallholder dairy and pastoralist small ruminant production. Experts attending the workshops agreed most constraints can be managed using existing veterinary technologies and best husbandry practices, which supports a shift away from focusing on individual diseases and new technologies towards addressing systemic challenges that limit access to veterinary services and inputs. Few research studies focused on incidence/ prevalence of disease and impact, suggesting better incorporation of socio-economic impact measures in future research would better represent the interests of livestock keepers.
管理牲畜的健康需求有助于减少贫困,改善全球小农户和牧民牲畜饲养者的生计。动物卫生从业人员、生产者、政策制定者和研究人员都必须优先考虑如何调动有限的资源。本研究采用了三种方法来确定东非、西非和南亚的动物健康需求的优先顺序,以确定影响牲畜饲养者的疾病和综合征。这些方法是:a)系统文献回顾,b)一系列专家研讨会,c)兽医和兽医助理人员的从业者调查。所有三种方法都发现的主要制约因素包括内/外寄生虫、口蹄疫、布鲁氏菌病、小反刍动物瘟、新城疫和禽流感。专家研讨会还确定了传染性山羊胸膜肺炎、传染性牛胸膜肺炎、乳腺炎和生殖障碍也是文献综述中没有强调的制约因素。从业者调查结果还发现,小农户奶牛和牧民小反刍动物生产的营养是一个制约因素。参加研讨会的专家一致认为,大多数制约因素可以通过现有兽医技术和最佳畜牧业实践来管理,这支持从关注个别疾病和新技术转向解决限制获得兽医服务和投入的系统性挑战。很少有研究关注疾病的发病率/流行率和影响,这表明在未来的研究中更好地纳入社会经济影响措施将更好地代表牲畜饲养者的利益。