School of Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, 4350, Australia.
Division of Genomics of Development and Disease Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2017;17(6):522-533. doi: 10.2174/1568009616666161216095308.
Prostate cancer (PCa), a disease, is characterized by abnormal cell growth in the prostate - a gland in the male reproductive system. Although older age and a family history of the disease have been recognized as the risk factors of PCa, the cause of this cancer remains unclear. Currently, PCa is one of the leading causes of cancer death among men of all races.
In this review study, we first discuss the controversy of the contribution of virus infection to PCa, and subsequently summarize the development of oncolytic virotherapy for PCa in the past several years.
Mounting evidence suggests that infections with various viruses are causally linked to PCa pathogenesis. Published studies have provided strong evidence that at least two viruses (RXMV and HPV) contribute to prostate tumourigenicity and impact on the survival of patients with malignant PCa. Traditional therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy are unable to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells, which are a significant drawback and leads to toxicities for PCa patients undergoing treatment. So far, few other options are available for treating patients with advanced PCa. For PCa treatment, oncolytic virotherapy appears to be much more attractive, which uses live viruses to selectively kill cancer cells. Oncolytic viruses can be genetically engineered to induce cancer cell lysis through virus replication and expression of cytotoxic proteins.
Virotherapy is being developed to be a novel therapy for cancers, which uses oncotropic and oncolytic viruses with their abilities to find and destroy malignant cells in the body. As oncolytic viruses are a relatively new class of anti-cancer immunotherapy agents, several important barriers still exist on the road to the use of oncolytic viruses for PCa therapy.
前列腺癌（PCa）是一种疾病，其特征是前列腺——男性生殖系统中的一个腺体——细胞的异常生长。虽然年龄较大和家族病史已被认为是 PCa 的风险因素，但这种癌症的病因仍不清楚。目前，PCa 是所有种族男性癌症死亡的主要原因之一。
在这项综述研究中，我们首先讨论了病毒感染对 PCa 的贡献的争议，随后总结了过去几年中用于治疗 PCa 的溶瘤病毒治疗的发展。
越来越多的证据表明，各种病毒的感染与 PCa 的发病机制有关。已发表的研究为至少两种病毒（RXMV 和 HPV）有助于前列腺肿瘤发生和影响恶性 PCa 患者的生存提供了强有力的证据。包括化疗和放疗在内的传统疗法无法区分癌细胞和正常细胞，这是一个显著的缺点，并导致接受治疗的 PCa 患者产生毒性。到目前为止，对于晚期 PCa 患者，几乎没有其他选择。对于 PCa 的治疗，溶瘤病毒疗法似乎更具吸引力，它使用活病毒来选择性地杀死癌细胞。溶瘤病毒可以通过病毒复制和表达细胞毒性蛋白来进行遗传工程改造，从而诱导癌细胞裂解。
病毒疗法正在被开发为一种新的癌症治疗方法，利用具有在体内寻找和破坏恶性细胞能力的肿瘤亲和性和溶瘤病毒。由于溶瘤病毒是一种相对较新的抗癌免疫治疗药物类别，在将溶瘤病毒用于 PCa 治疗的道路上仍然存在几个重要的障碍。
