Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Front Immunol. 2023 Sep 19;14:1265751. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265751. eCollection 2023.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy with increasing incidence in middle-aged and older men. Despite various treatment options, advanced metastatic PCa remains challenging with poor prognosis and limited effective therapies. Nanomedicine, with its targeted drug delivery capabilities, has emerged as a promising approach to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) stands as one of the most distinctive and highly selective biomarkers for PCa, exhibiting robust expression in PCa cells. In this review, we explore the applications of PSMA-targeted nanomedicines in advanced PCa management. Our primary objective is to bridge the gap between cutting-edge nanomedicine research and clinical practice, making it accessible to the medical community. We discuss mainstream treatment strategies for advanced PCa, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, in the context of PSMA-targeted nanomedicines. Additionally, we elucidate novel treatment concepts such as photodynamic and photothermal therapies, along with nano-theragnostics. We present the content in a clear and accessible manner, appealing to general physicians, including those with limited backgrounds in biochemistry and bioengineering. The review emphasizes the potential benefits of PSMA-targeted nanomedicines in enhancing treatment efficiency and improving patient outcomes. While the use of PSMA-targeted nano-drug delivery has demonstrated promising results, further investigation is required to comprehend the precise mechanisms of action, pharmacotoxicity, and long-term outcomes. By meticulous optimization of the combination of nanomedicines and PSMA ligands, a novel horizon of PSMA-targeted nanomedicine-based combination therapy could bring renewed hope for patients with advanced PCa.
前列腺癌（PCa）是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，在中年和老年男性中的发病率不断增加。尽管有各种治疗选择，但晚期转移性 PCa 仍然具有挑战性，预后较差，有效治疗方法有限。纳米医学以其靶向药物输送能力，成为提高治疗效果和减少不良反应的有前途的方法。前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）是 PCa 最独特和高度选择性的生物标志物之一，在 PCa 细胞中表现出强烈的表达。在本综述中，我们探讨了 PSMA 靶向纳米医学在晚期 PCa 管理中的应用。我们的主要目标是弥合前沿纳米医学研究与临床实践之间的差距，使医疗界能够获得这些知识。我们在 PSMA 靶向纳米医学的背景下讨论了晚期 PCa 的主流治疗策略，包括化疗、放疗和免疫疗法。此外，我们还阐明了一些新的治疗概念，如光动力和光热疗法以及纳米治疗学。我们以清晰易懂的方式呈现内容，吸引一般医生，包括那些在生物化学和生物工程方面背景有限的医生。本综述强调了 PSMA 靶向纳米医学在提高治疗效率和改善患者预后方面的潜在益处。虽然 PSMA 靶向纳米药物递送的使用已经显示出了有希望的结果，但仍需要进一步研究以了解确切的作用机制、药物毒性和长期结果。通过对纳米医学和 PSMA 配体的组合进行精心优化，一种新的 PSMA 靶向纳米医学联合治疗的前景可能为晚期 PCa 患者带来新的希望。
