Goel Sonu, Angeli Federica, Singla Neetu, Ruwaard Dirk
School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2016 Dec 20;11(12):e0164581. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164581. eCollection 2016.
Understanding medical students' motivation to select medical studies is particularly salient to inform practice and policymaking in countries-such as India-where shortage of medical personnel poses crucial and chronical challenges to healthcare systems. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the motivation of medical students to select medical studies.
A Motivation for Selection of Medical Study (MSMS) questionnaire was developed using extensive literature review followed by Delphi technique. The scale consisted of 12 items, 5 measuring intrinsic dimensions of motivations and 7 measuring extrinsic dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), validity, reliability and data quality checks were conducted on a sample of 636 medical students from six medical colleges of three North Indian states.
The MSMS questionnaire consisted of 3 factors (subscales) and 8 items. The three principal factors that emerged after EFA were the scientific factor (e.g. research opportunities and the ability to use new cutting edge technologies), the societal factor (e.g. job security) and the humanitarian factor (e.g. desire to help others). The CFA conducted showed goodness-of-fit indices supporting the 3-factor model.
The three extracted factors cut across the traditional dichotomy between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and uncover a novel three-faceted motivation construct based on scientific factors, societal expectations and humanitarian needs. This validated instrument can be used to evaluate the motivational factors of medical students to choose medical study in India and similar settings and constitutes a powerful tool for policymakers to design measures able to increase selection of medical curricula.
在印度等国家，医疗人员短缺给医疗体系带来了严峻且长期的挑战，了解医学生选择医学专业的动机对于指导实践和政策制定尤为重要。本研究旨在开发并验证一份用于评估医学生选择医学专业动机的问卷。
通过广泛的文献综述并采用德尔菲技术，编制了一份医学专业选择动机（MSMS）问卷。该量表包含12个项目，其中5个测量动机的内在维度，7个测量外在维度。对来自印度北部三个邦六所医学院的636名医学生样本进行了探索性因素分析（EFA）、验证性因素分析（CFA）、效度、信度和数据质量检查。
MSMS问卷由3个因素（子量表）和8个项目组成。EFA后出现的三个主要因素是科学因素（如研究机会和使用新前沿技术的能力）、社会因素（如工作保障）和人道主义因素（如帮助他人的愿望）。进行的CFA显示拟合优度指数支持三因素模型。
提取的这三个因素跨越了内在动机和外在动机之间的传统二分法，揭示了一种基于科学因素、社会期望和人道主义需求的新颖的三方面动机结构。这种经过验证的工具可用于评估印度及类似环境中医学生选择医学专业的动机因素，并且是政策制定者设计能够增加医学课程选择的措施的有力工具。
