Hill-Cawthorne Grant A, Sorrell Tania C
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia,
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Public Health Res Pract. 2016 Dec 14;26(5):2651655. doi: 10.17061/phrp2651655.
Infectious diseases remain responsible for significant global morbidity and mortality, and diseases emerge and re-emerge in sometimes unpredictable locations and at unpredictable times. Although much is known about how to detect and respond to existing infections, more public health research is needed to predict the likelihood of their emergence and spread, and to improve the precision and timeliness of public health responsiveness. To achieve this, further research is required to develop pathogen genomics from more than just a tool for outbreak investigation to one that will identify and quantify catalysts for emergence within a given population. More research is also needed to develop digital epidemiology techniques to identify syndromic clusters earlier. Beyond human public health, appreciating how animals and the environment affect disease emergence presents us with a new challenge: to develop truly interdisciplinary research that encompasses all aspects of pathogen surveillance and response. This includes understanding why microorganisms cross species to cause diseases (e.g. from animals to humans), factors that drive spread of infections, and systems research that will result in development of joint responses to outbreaks from different professional, government and international groups. Only then will we be better prepared for the next outbreak.
传染病仍然是全球重大发病和死亡的原因，疾病在有时不可预测的地点和时间出现和再次出现。尽管对于如何检测和应对现有感染已经了解很多，但仍需要更多的公共卫生研究来预测疾病出现和传播的可能性，并提高公共卫生应对的精准度和及时性。为实现这一目标，需要进一步开展研究，将病原体基因组学从仅仅作为疫情调查的工具发展成为能够识别和量化特定人群中疾病出现的催化剂的工具。还需要开展更多研究来开发数字流行病学技术，以便更早地识别症状性集群。除了人类公共卫生领域，了解动物和环境如何影响疾病出现给我们带来了新的挑战：开展真正的跨学科研究，涵盖病原体监测和应对的各个方面。这包括理解微生物为何跨物种传播导致疾病（例如从动物传播给人类）、推动感染传播的因素，以及能够促使不同专业、政府和国际组织联合应对疫情的系统研究。只有这样，我们才能为下一次疫情做好更充分的准备。
