Meyer Andreas, Hackert Benedikt, Weger Ulrich
Persephilos Studienstätte, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58452, Witten, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2018 Mar;82(2):245-254. doi: 10.1007/s00426-016-0825-7. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
The manifestation of psychology as an academic discipline more than a 100 years ago was accompanied by a paradigm shift in our understanding of psychological phenomena-with both its light and shadow sides. On the one hand, this development allowed for a rigorous and experimentation-based approach to psychological phenomena; on the other, it led to an alienation from the experiential-or qualia-facets as the topics under inquiry were researched increasingly through third-person (e.g., behavioral or physiological) measures. At the turning point of this development stood an eminent but little known European scholar, Franz Brentano, who called for a synthesis of both third-person and first-person research methods in the study of psychological phenomena. On the occasion of his death, a hundred years ago on March 17, 1917 we wish to illustrate the historical background, introduce the reader to Brentano's approach and work and discuss its relevance for experimental psychology today.
100多年前，心理学作为一门学科的出现，伴随着我们对心理现象理解的范式转变——这种转变有利有弊。一方面，这一发展使得对心理现象的研究能够采用严谨的、基于实验的方法；另一方面，随着研究的心理现象越来越多地通过第三人称（如行为或生理）测量来进行，它导致了与体验或感受质方面的疏离。在这一发展的转折点上，有一位杰出但鲜为人知的欧洲学者弗朗茨·布伦塔诺，他呼吁在心理现象研究中综合运用第三人称和第一人称研究方法。在他于1917年3月17日去世一百周年之际，我们希望阐述其历史背景，向读者介绍布伦塔诺的方法和著作，并讨论其对当今实验心理学的意义。
