Wani-Parekh Priyanka, Blanco-Garcia Carlos, Mendez Melissa, Mukherjee Debabrata
Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79905, United States.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79905, United States.
Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2017;17(1):52-57. doi: 10.2174/1871529X16666161220142020.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death globally compared to any other cause. CVD accounts for approximately 17.3 million deaths per year and are rising. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Approximately, 80 million people suffer from hypertension in the U.S. While, majority of these individuals are on antihypertensive medications only 54% of individuals with hypertension are optimally controlled. Heart failure and stroke are some of the devastating complications of uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertensive crisis can be classified as either an urgency or emergency; difference between the two is the presence of end organ damage, which is noted in hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive crisis is usually treated by parenteral antihypertensive medications. The main drug classes of drugs for treatment are nitrates, calcium channel blockers, dopamine-1 agonists, adrenergic-blocking agents etc.
In this review, we discuss approach to management of hypertensive crisis and each drug class with its physiology and complications.
与其他任何病因相比，心血管疾病（CVD）是全球首要死因。心血管疾病每年导致约1730万人死亡，且这一数字正在上升。高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素。在美国，约有8000万人患有高血压。然而，这些人中大多数虽服用抗高血压药物，但仅有54%的高血压患者得到了最佳控制。心力衰竭和中风是未控制高血压的一些毁灭性并发症。高血压危象可分为急症或重症；两者的区别在于是否存在终末器官损害，这在高血压急症中可见。高血压危象通常通过胃肠外抗高血压药物治疗。治疗的主要药物类别有硝酸盐类、钙通道阻滞剂、多巴胺-1激动剂、肾上腺素能阻滞剂等。
在本综述中，我们讨论了高血压危象的管理方法以及每种药物类别及其生理学和并发症。
