McFarlin B K, Carpenter K C, Henning A L, Venable A S
Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb;71(2):239-244. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.242. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent research has speculated that the risk of developing atherosclerosis is due to the accumulation of the effects of daily diet choices. The purpose of this study was to examine which of our previously identified preclinical disease risk biomarkers were further elevated when consuming a high-fat (644±50 kcal; 100% recommended dietary allowance for fat), high-calorie (1118±100 kcal; 70% daily caloric needs) breakfast on consecutive days. Young, normal weight females (N=7) participated in this study.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Blood samples were taken premeal and hourly for 5-h postprandial. Serum biomarkers (C-peptide, eotaxin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), insulin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) and tumor necrosis factor-α), monocyte concentration, and adhesion molecule expression (CD11a, CD18 and CD54) were measured. Area under the curve was calculated for each outcome variable as a function of day and data were analyzed for significance.
We found significant (P<0.05) increases on Day 2 for: GM-CSF (+47%; P=0.041), G-CSF (+31%; P=0.012), PPY (+51%; P=0.049), total monocyte (+110%; P=0.043), pro-inflammatory (PI) monocyte (+60%; P=0.012), PI monocyte CD18 (+960%; P=0.003), PI monocyte CD11a (+230%; P=0.006), and PI monocyte CD54 (+208%; P=0.015).
To our knowledge, the present study is the first to report changes in selected biomarkers and monocytes following eating a high-fat, high-calorie breakfast on consecutive days in humans. More research is needed to determine how transient the observed changes are and what the long-term implications for disease risk are.
背景/目的：最近的研究推测，动脉粥样硬化发病风险是日常饮食选择累积效应的结果。本研究旨在探究，连续数日食用高脂肪（644±50千卡；占脂肪推荐膳食摄入量的100%）、高热量（1118±100千卡；占每日热量需求的70%）早餐时，我们之前确定的哪些临床前疾病风险生物标志物会进一步升高。年轻、体重正常的女性（N = 7）参与了本研究。
受试者/方法：在餐前以及餐后5小时内每小时采集血样。检测血清生物标志物（C肽、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子、胃抑制性多肽、粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）、粒细胞-单核细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）、胰岛素、瘦素、单核细胞趋化蛋白1、胰多肽（PPY）和肿瘤坏死因子-α）、单核细胞浓度以及黏附分子表达（CD11a、CD18和CD54）。计算每个结果变量随时间变化的曲线下面积，并对数据进行显著性分析。
我们发现，在第2天出现了显著（P<0.05）升高的指标有：GM-CSF（升高47%；P = 0.041）、G-CSF（升高31%；P = 0.012）、PPY（升高51%；P = 0.049）、总单核细胞（升高110%；P = 0.043）﹑促炎性（PI）单核细胞（升高60%；P = 0.012）、PI单核细胞CD18（升高960%；P = 0.003）、PI单核细胞CD11a（升高230%；P = 0.006）以及PI单核细胞CD54（升高208%；P = 0.015）。
据我们所知，本研究首次报告了人类连续数日食用高脂肪、高热量早餐后选定生物标志物和单核细胞的变化情况。需要开展更多研究，以确定观察到的这些变化的短暂性如何，以及对疾病风险的长期影响是什么。
